Manure composition of swine as affected by dietary protein and cellulose concentrations
Manure composition of swine as affected by dietary protein and cellulose concentrations
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DOI：
10.2527/2006.8461584x
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Parkin, T. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kerr, B. J.;Ziemer, C. J.;Parkin, T. B.
进行了一项实验来研究减少日粮 CP 和增加日粮纤维素浓度对粪便 DM、C、N、S、VFA、吲哚和苯酚浓度的影响。 22 头猪（初始体重 105 千克）饲喂含有 14.5 或 12.0% CP 以及 2.5 或 8.7% 纤维素的日粮。在 56 天的研究中，猪每天饲喂两次，平均采食量为 2.74 公斤/天。每次喂食后收集粪便和尿液并添加到粪便储存容器中。粪便储存容器的设计旨在为每只动物提供与工业中类似的单位面积（7,393 cm(2)）。在第 56 天取样之前，轻轻搅拌粪便以获得用于后续分析的代表性样品。观察到日粮CP和纤维素对粪便乙酸浓度的相互作用，即降低CP会降低饲喂标准水平纤维素的猪中的乙酸，但会增加饲喂较高水平纤维素的猪中的乙酸（P = 0.03）。没有注意到其他相互作用。降低日粮CP可降低粪便pH值（P = 0.01）、NH4（P = 0.01）、异戊酸（P = 0.06）、苯酚（P = 0.05）和4-乙基苯酚（P = 0.02）浓度。增加日粮纤维素会降低 pH (P = 0.01) 和 NH4 (P = 0.07) 浓度，但会增加粪便中 C (P = 0.03)、丙酸 (P = 0.01)、丁酸 (P = 0.03) 和甲酚 (P = 0.09) 的浓度。增加日粮纤维素还增加了粪便干物质（P = 0.11）、氮（P = 0.11）和碳（P = 0.02）含量占营养摄入量的百分比。日粮中的纤维素和 CP 水平均不会影响粪便中硫的成分或产量占硫摄入量的百分比。通过降低膳食CP (P = 0.03) 或增加膳食纤维素(P = 0.05) 可以增加顶空N2O 浓度。膳食 CP 和纤维素均不影响顶部空间 CH4 浓度。这项研究表明，CP和纤维素含量不同的日粮会显着影响粪便成分和VFA、苯酚和吲哚的浓度以及N2O的顶空浓度，从而可能影响畜牧生产对土壤、空气和水的环境影响。
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of reducing, dietary CP and increasing dietary cellulose concentrations on manure DM, C, N, S, VFA, indole, and phenol concentrations. Twenty-two pigs (105 kg initial BW) were fed diets containing either 14.5 or 12.0% CP, in combination with either 2.5 or 8.7% cellulose. Pigs were fed twice daily over the 56-d study, with feed intake averaging 2.74 kg/d. Feces and urine were collected after each feeding and added to the manure storage containers. Manure storage containers were designed to provide a similar unit area per animal as found in industry (7,393 cm(2)). Before sampling on d 56, the manure was gently stirred to obtain a representative sample for subsequent analyses. An interaction of dietary CP and cellulose was observed for manure acetic acid concentration, in that decreasing CP lowered acetic acid in pigs fed standard levels of cellulose but increased acetic acid in pigs fed greater levels of cellulose (P = 0.03). No other interactions were noted. Decreasing dietary CP reduced manure pH (P = 0.01), NH4 (P = 0.01), isovaleric acid (P = 0.06), phenol (P = 0.05), and 4-ethyl phenol (P = 0.02) concentrations. Increasing dietary cellulose decreased pH (P = 0.01) and NH4 (P = 0.07) concentration but increased manure C (P = 0.03), propionic acid (P = 0.01), butyric acid (P = 0.03), and cresol (P = 0.09) concentrations in the manure. Increasing dietary cellulose also increased manure DM (P = 0.11), N (P = 0.11), and C (P = 0.02) contents as a percentage of nutrient intake. Neither cellulose nor CP level of the diet affected manure S composition or output as a percentage of S intake. Headspace N2O concentration was increased by decreasing dietary CP (P = 0.03) or by increasing dietary cellulose (P = 0.05). Neither dietary CP nor cellulose affected headspace concentration of CH4. This study demonstrates, that diets differing in CP and cellulose content can significantly impact manure composition and concentrations of VFA, phenol, and indole, and headspace concentrations of N2O, which may thereby affect the environmental impact of livestock production on soil, air, and water.