PATTERNS OF ICE ACCUMULATION AND FOREST DISTURBANCE DURING TWO ICE STORMS IN SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA
PATTERNS OF ICE ACCUMULATION AND FOREST DISTURBANCE DURING TWO ICE STORMS IN SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA
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DOI：
10.1080/02723646.1999.10642671
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发表时间：
1999-03
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
C. Lafon;Daniel Y. Graybeal;K. Orvis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Lafon;Daniel Y. Graybeal;K. Orvis
主要的冰暴给树木带来了大量的冻雨，在北美东部造成了灾难性的森林干扰。1994年，两场冰暴在三周内袭击了弗吉尼亚州西南部。在每次风暴期间，当温暖、潮湿的空气平流到地表较浅的近冰层时，就会发生严重的冰层沉积。冷空气筑坝有助于阻挡地表冷空气，这是阿巴拉契亚山脉和皮埃蒙特部分地区冰暴的典型现象。最严重的森林破坏发生在向南和向东的山坡上。这些地形位置的冰冻破坏减少了大约30%到60%的总断面积，并造成了巨大的树冠开口。有几个过程可能导致了地形变化，包括地形对降雨的影响，以及风对树枝表面和雨滴热力学的影响。[关键词：冰暴、冻雨、森林干扰、弗吉尼亚州、阿巴拉契亚山脉。]
Major ice storms deposit heavy loads of freezing rain on trees, causing catastrophic forest disturbance in eastern North America. During 1994, two ice storms struck southwestern Virginia within a three-week period. Heavy ice deposition occurred during each storm when warm, moist air was advected over a shallow subfreezing layer at the surface. Cold-air damming helped trap the cold surface air, as is typical for ice storms in parts of the Appalachians and Piedmont. Heaviest forest damage occurred on mountain slopes facing south and east. Ice damage in these topographic positions removed approximately 30% to 60% of total basal area and created large canopy openings. Several processes may have contributed to topographic variations in ice accretion, including orographic effects on rainfall and influences of wind on twig surface and raindrop thermodynamics. [Key words: ice storms, freezing rain, forest disturbance, Virginia, Appalachian Mountains.]