Open innovation networks between academia and industry: an imperative for breakthrough therapies
Open innovation networks between academia and industry: an imperative for breakthrough therapies
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DOI：
10.1038/nm0509-502
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
82.9
通讯作者：
Cohen, Neal H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Melese, Teri;Lin, Salima M.;Cohen, Neal H.
为患者带来变革性疗法的需求以及这样做的成本不断上升，正在推动生命科学行业寻求与学术界合作，以刺激创新。尽管合作提供了机会，但公司和大学缺乏一种系统的方法来充分挖掘这种关系的潜力。这里详细介绍了一些帮助这些合作取得成功的建议策略。“开放式创新”一词是亨利·切斯布罗首创的，用来描述“有用的知识和技术如何变得越来越普遍”，使新开发的技术和产品受益于整合来自多个来源的知识和专门知识1。他还提出，创新经济学是公司开放创新过程的关键驱动力1，2。以制药和大型生物技术公司为例，从1993年到2004年，为其药物管道提供燃料的研发(R&D)支出增加了147%，但提交给美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)的新药申请数量仅增加了38%。3)。由于他们在研究创新上投入的资金几乎没有什么可展示的，再加上药物失败和专利到期将侵蚀他们的大量收入，许多公司意识到他们需要把目光投向自己的墙之外寻找创新(图1)1。下一个新方法可能不是来自内部研究的想法，导致许多公司通过与小型生物技术公司、其他公司和学术界的合作，将其研发支出转移到外部。
The demand to bring transformative therapeutics to patients and the escalating costs of doing so are driving the life science industry to seek collaborations with academia to stimulate innovation. Despite the opportunities afforded by working together, companies and universities lack a systematic approach for capturing the full potential of such relationships. Detailed here are a few suggested strategies to help these collaborations succeed. The term ‘open innovation’was coined by Henry Chesbrough to describe “how useful knowledge and technology was becoming increasingly widespread,” such that newly developing technologies and products benefited from integrating knowledge and expertise from multiple sources1. He also made the case that the economics of innovation is a key driver for companies to open their innovation process1, 2. Pharmaceutical and large biotechnology companies, as an example, increased their research and development (R&D) spending by 147% from 1993 to 2004 to fuel their drug pipelines, yet the number of new drug applications submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration rose by just 38%(ref. 3). With little to show for all the money they had invested in research innovation, compounded with drug failures and patent expirations set to erode a substantial amount of their revenues, many companies realized that they needed to look beyond their own walls for innovation (Fig. 1) 1. The idea that the next new approach might not come from internal research has led many companies to shift their R&D expenditures externally through collaborations with small biotechnology companies, other companies and academia.