Cognitive mechanisms of risky choice: Is there an evaluation cost?
Cognitive mechanisms of risky choice: Is there an evaluation cost?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.beproc.2011.09.007
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Kacelnik, Alex
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aw, Justine;Monteiro, Tiago;Kacelnik, Alex
我们对比了两类选择过程，那些假设耗时的比较和那些刺激每个选项的行为独立，竞争表达交叉审查。序贯选择模型（SCM）属于后一类，并已获得经验支持，在几个程序涉及确定性的替代品。在这里，我们在风险选择中测试这个模型。在两种治疗方法中，每种方法都有五种条件，欧洲椋鸟（Sturnus vulgaris）面临着不可预测结果的选择和无风险的选择。在延迟处理的五个条件涉及的选择之间的可变选项提供两个等概率延迟奖励和一个固定的选项与延迟不同的条件。治疗量在结构上是相似的，但奖励量而不是延迟量被操纵。正如SCM所假设（和要求）的那样，在无选择试验中反应的延迟反映了每个选项相对于背景替代品的丰富性，而且至关重要的是，在强迫试验中，从延迟到每个选项，同时选择的偏好是可预测的。然而，我们没有检测到可靠的差异，强制和选择试验之间的反应时间，无论是延长预期的评估模型，也不缩短预期的SCM。(C)2011 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
We contrast two classes of choice processes, those assuming time-consuming comparisons and those where stimuli for each option act independently, competing for expression by cross censorship. The Sequential Choice Model (SCM) belongs in the latter category, and has received empirical support in several procedures involving deterministic alternatives. Here we test this model in risky choices. In two treatments, each with five conditions, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) faced choices between options with unpredictable outcomes and risk-free alternatives. In the delay treatment the five conditions involved choices between a variable option offering two equiprobable delays to reward and a fixed option with delay differing between conditions. The amount treatment was structurally similar, but amount of reward rather than delay was manipulated. As assumed (and required) by the SCM, latency to respond in no-choice trials reflected each option's richness with respect to the background alternatives, and, crucially, preferences in simultaneous choices were predictable from latencies to each option in forced trials. However, we did not detect reliable differences in response times between forced and choice trials, neither the lengthening expected from evaluation models nor the shortening expected from the SCM. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.