Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1126/science.aap9455

发表时间：

2017-10

期刊：

Science

影响因子：

56.9

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

综合性期刊1区

文献类型：

作者：

M. Kasliwal;E. Nakar;L. Singer;D. Kaplan;D. Cook;A. Van Sistine;R. Lau;C. Fremling;O. Gottlieb;J. Jencson;S. Adams;U. Feindt;K. Hotokezaka;S. Ghosh;D. Perley;P. Yu;T. Piran;J. Allison;G. Anupama;A. Balasubramanian;K. Bannister;J. Bally;J. Barnes;S. Barway;E. Bellm;V. Bhalerao;D. Bhattacharya;N. Blagorodnova;J. Bloom;P. Brady;C. Cannella;D. Chatterjee;S. Cenko;B. Cobb;C. Copperwheat;A. Corsi;K. De;D. Dobie;S. Emery;P. Evans;O. Fox;D. Frail;C. Frohmaier;A. Goobar;G. Hallinan;F. Harrison;G. Helou;T. Hinderer;A. Ho;A. Horesh;W. Ip;R. Itoh;D. Kasen;H. Kim;N. Kuin;T. Kupfer;C. Lynch;K. Madsen;P. Mazzali;A. Miller;K. Mooley;T. Murphy;C. Ngeow;D. Nichols;S. Nissanke;P. Nugent;E. Ofek;H. Qi;R. Quimby;S. Rosswog;Florin Rusu;E. Sadler;P. Schmidt;J. Sollerman;I. Steele;A. Williamson;Y. Xu;L. Yan;Y. Yatsu;C. Zhang;W. Zhao

GW170817的增长观测引力波事件GW170817是由两颗中子星合并引起的(参见Smith的导言)。在三篇论文中，与Growth(全球天文台观察瞬变发生)项目相关的团队展示了他们在从X射线到无线电波的波长下对该事件的观测。埃文斯等人。使用太空望远镜探测到了GW170817的紫外线，并对其X射线流量进行了限制，结果表明，合并产生了一种被称为蓝色千里诺瓦的热爆炸。Hallinan等人。描述爆炸撞击宿主星系内周围气体时产生的无线电辐射。Kasliwal等人。介绍在光学和红外方面的额外观测，并为涉及物质茧以接近光速膨胀的事件制定一个模型，将所有观测波长的数据进行匹配。科学，这一期，第1565页，第1579页，第1559页；另见第1554页对双中子星合并在多个波长的观测可以用离轴相对论茧模型来解释。合并的中子星为同时研究极端环境中的强场引力和物质提供了一个极好的实验室。我们建立了电磁对应物(EM170817)和从合并中子星探测到的引力波(GW170817)的物理联系。通过合成一个全色数据集，我们证明了合并中子星是一个长期寻求的生产地点，通过r-过程核合成来锻造重元素。EM170817中看到的微弱伽马射线与经典的带有极端相对论喷流的短伽马射线爆发不同。相反，我们认为，一个广角的、温和相对论的蚕茧吞噬了喷流，解释了低光度伽马射线、高亮度紫外线-光学-红外以及延迟的射电和X射线发射。我们假设，所有的中子星合并都可能导致广角破茧，有时伴随着成功的喷流，有时伴随着阻塞的喷流。

GROWTH observations of GW170817 The gravitational wave event GW170817 was caused by the merger of two neutron stars (see the Introduction by Smith). In three papers, teams associated with the GROWTH (Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen) project present their observations of the event at wavelengths from x-rays to radio waves. Evans et al. used space telescopes to detect GW170817 in the ultraviolet and place limits on its x-ray flux, showing that the merger generated a hot explosion known as a blue kilonova. Hallinan et al. describe radio emissions generated as the explosion slammed into the surrounding gas within the host galaxy. Kasliwal et al. present additional observations in the optical and infrared and formulate a model for the event involving a cocoon of material expanding at close to the speed of light, matching the data at all observed wavelengths. Science, this issue p. 1565, p. 1579, p. 1559; see also p. 1554 Observations of a binary neutron star merger at multiple wavelengths can be explained by an off-axis relativistic cocoon model. Merging neutron stars offer an excellent laboratory for simultaneously studying strong-field gravity and matter in extreme environments. We establish the physical association of an electromagnetic counterpart (EM170817) with gravitational waves (GW170817) detected from merging neutron stars. By synthesizing a panchromatic data set, we demonstrate that merging neutron stars are a long-sought production site forging heavy elements by r-process nucleosynthesis. The weak gamma rays seen in EM170817 are dissimilar to classical short gamma-ray bursts with ultrarelativistic jets. Instead, we suggest that breakout of a wide-angle, mildly relativistic cocoon engulfing the jet explains the low-luminosity gamma rays, the high-luminosity ultraviolet-optical-infrared, and the delayed radio and x-ray emission. We posit that all neutron star mergers may lead to a wide-angle cocoon breakout, sometimes accompanied by a successful jet and sometimes by a choked jet.

Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger

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