Improving battery safety by early detection of internal shorting with a bifunctional separator
Improving battery safety by early detection of internal shorting with a bifunctional separator
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通过使用双功能隔膜及早检测内部短路来提高电池安全性
DOI：
10.1038/ncomms6193
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Cui, Yi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu, Hui;Zhuo, Denys;Cui, Yi
锂基充电电池已广泛应用于便携式电子产品，并在交通运输和风能-太阳能电网储能等新兴应用中显示出巨大的前景，尽管其安全性仍然是一个实际问题。循环过程中与锂枝晶形成相关的内部短路可能会引发火灾和爆炸形式的故障。在这里，我们报告了一种通过设计智能电池来提高安全性的新策略，该智能电池允许就地监控内部电池的健康状况。具体来说，我们通过双功能隔膜实现了电池内部锂枝晶的早期检测，该隔膜除了正极和负极之外还提供了第三个传感端子。传感端子以明显的电压变化的形式提供独特的信号，表明树突即将穿透分离器。这种检测机制高度灵敏、准确，并且在短路之前就已激活，可应用于多种类型的电池，以提高安全性。
Lithium-based rechargeable batteries have been widely used in portable electronics and show great promise for emerging applications in transportation and wind-solar-grid energy storage, although their safety remains a practical concern. Failures in the form of fire and explosion can be initiated by internal short circuits associated with lithium dendrite formation during cycling. Here we report a new strategy for improving safety by designing a smart battery that allows internal battery health to be monitored in situ. Specifically, we achieve early detection of lithium dendrites inside batteries through a bifunctional separator, which offers a third sensing terminal in addition to the cathode and anode. The sensing terminal provides unique signals in the form of a pronounced voltage change, indicating imminent penetration of dendrites through the separator. This detection mechanism is highly sensitive, accurate and activated well in advance of shorting and can be applied to many types of batteries for improved safety.