THE SALINITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIDDLE AND UPPER REACHES OF THE RIVER BLYTH ESTUARY
THE SALINITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIDDLE AND UPPER REACHES OF THE RIVER BLYTH ESTUARY
复制标题
布莱斯河口中上游盐度特征
DOI：
10.2307/1749
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发表时间：
1957
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
C. Capstick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Capstick
本文研究了布莱斯河口潮间带淤泥中自由生活线虫的分布与盐度分布的关系。本文介绍了对河口潮汐水及其淤泥间水的盐度变化的调查结果，而自由生活的线虫的分布将成为下一篇文章的主题。在这个国家，对蒂斯河河口（Alexander, Southgate & Bassindale 1935）、塞文河河口和布里斯托尔海峡（Bassindale 1943a, b）和塔玛河（Cooper & Milne 1938, Milne 1938, 1940, Percival 1931, Spooner & Moore 1940）的盐度条件进行了详细研究。布莱斯河河口比这些河口都要小得多，只有在较大的河口发现的一般原理才能适用于它。Day（1951）和Yonge（1949）对这些一般的河口条件进行了回顾。在波罗的海和Zuiderzee的某些地区，自由生活的线虫在不同盐度的水中的分布一直是许多研究的主题，而在这个国家，Rees（1940）把自由生活的线虫作为布里斯托尔海峡泥滩生态学更大研究的一部分。Bassindale （1943b，第3页）指出：“人们早就知道，如果它们生活的水中的含盐量变化得足够慢，许多动物就能使自己适应大的变化。”因此，虽然变化的幅度很重要，但变化的速度也很重要。在祖得海和波罗的海，盐度变化的速度比河口要慢得多，在高变化速率的条件下线虫的分布以前没有研究过。线虫生活在泥的间隙水中，Rees（1940）已经表明，这种微型动物群的大部分集中在潮间带泥表面2厘米处。因此，有必要研究泥浆表面附近间隙水中的盐度情况。Reid（1930、1932）、Alexander et al.（1932）和Smith（1955）对泥沙间隙水的盐度进行了研究，他们都发现盐度条件随着深度的增加而趋于稳定，并且在低潮时，盐度可以保持在一个较高的水平上——在几乎新鲜的上覆水下面——随深度的变化而变化。里德说：“……生活在河口的海洋穴居动物就不一样了
The distribution of free-living nematodes inhabiting the intertidal muds of the Blyth estuary has been studied in relation to salinity distribution. This paper presents the results of the investigations into the salinity variations in both the tidal water of the estuary and the interstitial water of its muds, while the distribution of the free-living nematodes will form the subject of a later paper. In this country the salinity conditions in the estuary of the River Tees (Alexander, Southgate & Bassindale 1935), the estuary of the River Severn and the Bristol Channel (Bassindale 1943a, b), and the River Tamar (Cooper & Milne 1938, Milne 1938, 1940, Percival 1931, Spooner & Moore 1940) have been studied in detail. The River Blyth estuary is much smaller than any of these, and only the general principles found in the larger estuaries can be applied to it. Day (1951) and Yonge (1949) give reviews of these general estuarine conditions. The distribution of free-living nematodes in water of varying salinity has been the subject of much research in the Baltic Sea and in certain areas of the Zuiderzee, while in this country Rees (1940) has dealt with free-living nematodes as part of a larger study of the ecology of a mud flat in the Bristol Channel. Bassindale (1943b, p. 3) has pointed out that 'it has long been known that if the salt content of the water in which they live is changed sufficiently slowly, many animals can acclimatize themselves to large changes. Thus although the magnitude of the change is important, the rate of change is also significant'. In the Zuiderzee and Baltic, rates of salinity change are much less rapid than those found in estuaries, and the distribution of nematodes under conditions of high rates of change has not previously been studied. Nematodes live in the interstitial water of the mud, and Rees (1940) has shown that the greater part of this constituent of the microfauna is concentrated in the surface 2 cm of intertidal mud. It was therefore necessary to investigate salinity conditions in the interstitial water near the surface of the mud. Reid (1930, 1932), Alexander et al. (1932) and Smith (1955) have worked on the salinity of interstitial water in mud and sand, and all have found that salinity conditions tend to be more stable with increasing depth, and that salinities could be maintained at a high level-varying with depth-below nearly fresh overlying water at low tide. Reid states that '. . . marine burrowing animals living in estuaries are in no way