Factors associated with the diversification of the gut microbial communities within chimpanzees from Gombe National Park
Factors associated with the diversification of the gut microbial communities within chimpanzees from Gombe National Park
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1110994109
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发表时间：
2012-08-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ochman, Howard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Degnan, Patrick H.;Pusey, Anne E.;Ochman, Howard
胃肠道内有大量不同种类的细菌，这些细菌在个体之间和个体内部随着时间的推移而变化。许多内部和外部因素可以影响这些微生物群落的内容，包括饮食、地理、生理和宿主之间的接触程度。为了探讨这些因素对肠道微生物群落变异和变化的贡献，我们分析了坦桑尼亚贡贝国家公园两个群落的黑猩猩个体远端肠道微生物群。这些样本来自35只黑猩猩，其中许多已经被监测多年，为已知遗传关系的个体提供了不同寻常的全面纵向深度。尽管类人猿微生物群的组成已被证明与宿主物种共同多样化，表明宿主遗传和系统发育在其进化时间尺度上的分化中发挥了主要作用，但黑猩猩个体的谱系关系与它们肠道微生物群落的相似性并不一致。然而，可以根据肠道微生物群的内容来区分邻近黑猩猩群落的居民。尽管社区成员之间有着广泛的相似性，正如共同的饮食或相互作用所期望的那样，长期移民到一个社区往往拥有最独特的肠道微生物群，这表明个体在较长时间内保留了他们以前肠道微生物群落的特征。这种模式在长时间取样的几只黑猩猩中得到了加强，其中肠道微生物群的主要成分维持了近十年。
The gastrointestinal tract harbors large and diverse populations of bacteria that vary among individuals and within individuals over time. Numerous internal and external factors can influence the contents of these microbial communities, including diet, geography, physiology, and the extent of contact among hosts. To investigate the contributions of such factors to the variation and changes in gut microbial communities, we analyzed the distal gut microbiota of individual chimpanzees from two communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. These samples, which were derived from 35 chimpanzees, many of whom have been monitored for multiple years, provide an unusually comprehensive longitudinal depth for individuals of known genetic relationships. Although the composition of the great-ape microbiota has been shown to codiversify with host species, indicating that host genetics and phylogeny have played a major role in its differentiation over evolutionary timescales, the geneaological relationships of individual chimpanzees did not coincide with the similarity in their gut microbial communities. However, the inhabitants from adjacent chimpanzee communities could be distinguished based on the contents of their gut microbiota. Despite the broad similarity of community members, as would be expected from shared diet or interactions, long-term immigrants to a community often harbored the most distinctive gut microbiota, suggesting that individuals retain hallmarks of their previous gut microbial communities for extended periods. This pattern was reinforced in several chimpanzees sampled over long temporal scales, in which the major constituents of the gut microbiota were maintained for nearly a decade.