ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review.
ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review.
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作者：
Joyce Bos
H - ras、K - ras和N - ras这三种ras基因中某一种的第12、13或61位密码子发生突变，会使这些基因转变为活性癌基因。最近已经开发出用于检测这些点突变的快速检测方法，并用于研究突变的ras基因在人类肿瘤发病机制中所起的作用。似乎在多种肿瘤类型中都能发现ras基因突变，尽管其发生率差异很大。在胰腺癌（90%）、结肠癌（50%）和肺癌（30%）的腺癌、甲状腺肿瘤（50%）以及髓系白血病（30%）中发生率最高。对于某些肿瘤类型，ras突变的存在与肿瘤的临床或组织病理学特征之间可能存在某种关系。有一些证据表明环境因素可能参与了突变的诱导。
Mutations in codon 12, 13, or 61 of one of the three ras genes, H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras, convert these genes into active oncogenes. Rapid assays for the detection of these point mutations have been developed recently and used to investigate the role mutated ras genes play in the pathogenesis of human tumors. It appeared that ras gene mutations can be found in a variety of tumor types, although the incidence varies greatly. The highest incidences are found in adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (90%), the colon (50%), and the lung (30%); in thyroid tumors (50%); and in myeloid leukemia (30%). For some tumor types a relationship may exist between the presence of a ras mutation and clinical or histopathological features of the tumor. There is some evidence that environmental agents may be involved in the induction of the mutations.