SMALL-SCALE PLANKTONIC STRUCTURE: PERSISTENCE AND TROPHIC CONSEQUENCES
SMALL-SCALE PLANKTONIC STRUCTURE: PERSISTENCE AND TROPHIC CONSEQUENCES
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小规模浮游结构：持久性和营养后果
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
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通讯作者：
M. Carr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Cowles;R. Desiderio;M. Carr
大多数传统的采样方法限制了我们解析小于几米的垂直尺度上的浮游生物分布的能力。原位生物率的估计也受到设备和采样分辨率的限制。几十年来，浮游生物研究人员一直很清楚，采样限制造成的不确定性因浮游生物分布的垂直和水平变化（通常称为斑块性）而进一步复杂化。尽管浮游植物斑块（通常未被检测到）被认为对于浮游动物的生长和生存至关重要（例如，Mullin 和 Brooks，1976：Dagg，1977），但浮游植物斑块的分布、大小和浓度被视为随机或随机的（例如，Fasham，1978）。如果浮游植物斑块的特点是随机性，那么这种变异性对我们对浮游植物生物量估计的贡献可以通过在更大范围内进行平均来消除，并且可以放心地使用使用传统采样设备获得的样本。另一方面，如果斑块在空间或时间尺度上是非随机的，很难用传统方法解决，那么传统采样可能会混淆浮游生物分布和速率过程（例如放牧和生长）的估计。人们普遍认为生物结构与物理过程相关（Denman 和 Powell，1984；Mackas 等，1985；Owen，1989），包括表面波（和波浪破碎）、内波、朗缪尔环流、水平波
M O S T CONVENTIONAL s a m p l i n g m e t h ods limit our ability to resolve planktonic distributions over vertical scales less than a few meters. Estimates of in situ biological rates also are limited by equipment and sampling resolution. It has been obvious to plankton researchers for decades that the uncertainties created by sampling limitations are complicated further by vertical and horizontal variability in plankton distributions (often called patchiness). Although patches of phytoplankton (usually undetected) were recognized as essential for zooplankton growth and survival (e.g., Mullin and Brooks, 1976: Dagg, 1977), the distribution, size, and concentration of phytoplankton patches have been viewed as random or stochastic (e.g., Fasham, 1978). If phytoplankton patchiness is characterized by randomness, the contribution of this variability to our estimates of phytoplankton biomass may be removed by averaging over larger scales, and samples obtained with conventional sampling equipment can be used with some confidence. On the other hand, if patchiness is nonrandom on spatial or temporal scales that are difficult to resolve with conventional methods, then conventional sampling may alias estimates of planktonic distributions and rate processes such as grazing and growth. It is generally thought that biological structure is linked to physical processes (Denman and Powell, 1984; Mackas et al., 1985; Owen, 1989) including surface waves (and wave breaking), internal waves, Langmuir circulation, horizontal