Quantum correlations between light and the kilogram-mass mirrors of LIGO

Quantum correlations between light and the kilogram-mass mirrors of LIGO
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2420-8
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
Nature
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Haocun Yu;L. McCuller;M. Tse;N. Kijbunchoo;L. Barsotti;N. Mavalvala;J. C. D. S. E. A. M. A. P. V. V. F. D. E. T. A. D. B. Betzwieser Blair Dwyer Effler Evans Fernandez-Gali-J.-C.-D.-S.-E.-A.-M.-A.-P.-V.-V.-F.-D.-E.-T.-A.-D.;J. Betzwieser;C. Blair;S. Dwyer;A. Effler;M. Evans;Á. Fernández-Galiana;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;F. Matichard;D. McClelland;T. McRae;A. Mullavey;D. Sigg;B. Slagmolen;C. Whittle;A. Buikema;Y. Chen;T. Corbitt;R. Schnabel;R. Abbott;C. Adams;R. Adhikari;A. Ananyeva;S. Appert;K. Arai;J. Areeda;Y. Asali;S. Aston;C. Austin;A. Baer;M. Ball;S. Ballmer;S. Banagiri;D. Barker;J. Bartlett;B. Berger;D. Bhattacharjee;G. Billingsley;S. Biscans;R. Blair;N. Bode;P. Booker;R. Bork;A. Bramley;A. Brooks;D. Brown;C. Cahillane;K. Cannon;X. Chen;A. Ciobanu;F. Clara;S. Cooper;K. Corley;S. Countryman;P. Covas;D. Coyne;L. Datrier;D. Davis;C. Di Fronzo;K. Dooley;J. Driggers;P. Dupej;T. Etzel;T. Evans;J. Feicht;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;P. Godwin;E. Goetz;S. Gras;C. Gray;R. Gray;A. Green;Anchal Gupta;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;J. Hanks;J. Hanson;T. Hardwick;R. Hasskew;M. Heintze;A. Helmling-Cornell;N. Holland;J. Jones;S. Kandhasamy;S. Karki;M. Kasprzack;K. Kawabe;P. King;J. Kissel;Rahul Kumar;M. Landry;B. Lane;B. Lantz;M. Laxen;Y. Lecoeuche;J. Leviton;J. Liu;M. Lormand;A. Lundgren;R. Macas;M. Macinnis;D. Macleod;G. Mansell;S. Márka;Z. Márka;D. Martynov;K. Mason;T. Massinger;R. McCarthy;S. Mccormick;J. McIver;G. Mendell;K. Merfeld;E. Merilh;F. Meylahn;T. Mistry;R. Mittleman;G. Moreno;C. Mow-Lowry;S. Mozzon;T. Nelson;P. Nguyen;L. Nuttall;J. Oberling;R. Oram;C. Osthelder;D. Ottaway;H. Overmier;J. R. Palamos;W. Parker;E. Payne;A. Pele;C. Perez;M. Pirello;H. Radkins;K. Ramirez;J. Richardson;K. Riles;N. Robertson;J. Rollins;C. Romel;J. Romie;M. Ross;K. Ryan;T. Sadecki;E. Sanchez;L. Sanchez;T. R. Saravanan;R. Savage;D. Schaetzl;R. Schofield;E. Schwartz;D. Sellers;T. Shaffer;J. R. Smith;S. Soni;B. Sorazu;A. Spencer;K. Strain;L. Sun;M. Szczepańczyk;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;K. Thorne;K. Toland;C. Torrie;G. Traylor;A. Urban;G. Vajente;G. Valdes;D. Vander-Hyde;P. Veitch;K. Venkateswara;Gautam Venugopalan;A. Viets;T. Vo;C. Vorvick;M. Wade;R. Ward;J. Warner;B. Weaver;R. Weiss;B. Willke;C. Wipf;L. Xiao;H. Yamamoto;Hang Yu;L. Zhang;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig
Haocun Yu;L. McCuller;M. Tse;N. Kijbunchoo;L. Barsotti;N. Mavalvala;J. C. D. S. E. A. M. A. P. V. V. F. D. E. T. A. D. B. Betzwieser Blair Dwyer Effler Evans Fernandez-Gali-J.-C.-D.-S.-E.-A.-M.-A.-P.-V.-V.-F.-D.-E.-T.-A.-D.;J. Betzwieser;C. Blair;S. Dwyer;A. Effler;M. Evans;Á. Fernández-Galiana;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;F. Matichard;D. McClelland;T. McRae;A. Mullavey;D. Sigg;B. Slagmolen;C. Whittle;A. Buikema;Y. Chen;T. Corbitt;R. Schnabel;R. Abbott;C. Adams;R. Adhikari;A. Ananyeva;S. Appert;K. Arai;J. Areeda;Y. Asali;S. Aston;C. Austin;A. Baer;M. Ball;S. Ballmer;S. Banagiri;D. Barker;J. Bartlett;B. Berger;D. Bhattacharjee;G. Billingsley;S. Biscans;R. Blair;N. Bode;P. Booker;R. Bork;A. Bramley;A. Brooks;D. Brown;C. Cahillane;K. Cannon;X. Chen;A. Ciobanu;F. Clara;S. Cooper;K. Corley;S. Countryman;P. Covas;D. Coyne;L. Datrier;D. Davis;C. Di Fronzo;K. Dooley;J. Driggers;P. Dupej;T. Etzel;T. Evans;J. Feicht;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;P. Godwin;E. Goetz;S. Gras;C. Gray;R. Gray;A. Green;Anchal Gupta;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;J. Hanks;J. Hanson;T. Hardwick;R. Hasskew;M. Heintze;A. Helmling-Cornell;N. Holland;J. Jones;S. Kandhasamy;S. Karki;M. Kasprzack;K. Kawabe;P. King;J. Kissel;Rahul Kumar;M. Landry;B. Lane;B. Lantz;M. Laxen;Y. Lecoeuche;J. Leviton;J. Liu;M. Lormand;A. Lundgren;R. Macas;M. Macinnis;D. Macleod;G. Mansell;S. Márka;Z. Márka;D. Martynov;K. Mason;T. Massinger;R. McCarthy;S. Mccormick;J. McIver;G. Mendell;K. Merfeld;E. Merilh;F. Meylahn;T. Mistry;R. Mittleman;G. Moreno;C. Mow-Lowry;S. Mozzon;T. Nelson;P. Nguyen;L. Nuttall;J. Oberling;R. Oram;C. Osthelder;D. Ottaway;H. Overmier;J. R. Palamos;W. Parker;E. Payne;A. Pele;C. Perez;M. Pirello;H. Radkins;K. Ramirez;J. Richardson;K. Riles;N. Robertson;J. Rollins;C. Romel;J. Romie;M. Ross;K. Ryan;T. Sadecki;E. Sanchez;L. Sanchez;T. R. Saravanan;R. Savage;D. Schaetzl;R. Schofield;E. Schwartz;D. Sellers;T. Shaffer;J. R. Smith;S. Soni;B. Sorazu;A. Spencer;K. Strain;L. Sun;M. Szczepańczyk;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;K. Thorne;K. Toland;C. Torrie;G. Traylor;A. Urban;G. Vajente;G. Valdes;D. Vander-Hyde;P. Veitch;K. Venkateswara;Gautam Venugopalan;A. Viets;T. Vo;C. Vorvick;M. Wade;R. Ward;J. Warner;B. Weaver;R. Weiss;B. Willke;C. Wipf;L. Xiao;H. Yamamoto;Hang Yu;L. Zhang;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig
中科院分区：
综合性期刊1区
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haocun Yu;L. McCuller;M. Tse;N. Kijbunchoo;L. Barsotti;N. Mavalvala;J. C. D. S. E. A. M. A. P. V. V. F. D. E. T. A. D. B. Betzwieser Blair Dwyer Effler Evans Fernandez-Gali-J.-C.-D.-S.-E.-A.-M.-A.-P.-V.-V.-F.-D.-E.-T.-A.-D.;J. Betzwieser;C. Blair;S. Dwyer;A. Effler;M. Evans;Á. Fernández-Galiana;P. Fritschel;V. Frolov;F. Matichard;D. McClelland;T. McRae;A. Mullavey;D. Sigg;B. Slagmolen;C. Whittle;A. Buikema;Y. Chen;T. Corbitt;R. Schnabel;R. Abbott;C. Adams;R. Adhikari;A. Ananyeva;S. Appert;K. Arai;J. Areeda;Y. Asali;S. Aston;C. Austin;A. Baer;M. Ball;S. Ballmer;S. Banagiri;D. Barker;J. Bartlett;B. Berger;D. Bhattacharjee;G. Billingsley;S. Biscans;R. Blair;N. Bode;P. Booker;R. Bork;A. Bramley;A. Brooks;D. Brown;C. Cahillane;K. Cannon;X. Chen;A. Ciobanu;F. Clara;S. Cooper;K. Corley;S. Countryman;P. Covas;D. Coyne;L. Datrier;D. Davis;C. Di Fronzo;K. Dooley;J. Driggers;P. Dupej;T. Etzel;T. Evans;J. Feicht;P. Fulda;M. Fyffe;J. Giaime;K. Giardina;P. Godwin;E. Goetz;S. Gras;C. Gray;R. Gray;A. Green;Anchal Gupta;E. Gustafson;R. Gustafson;J. Hanks;J. Hanson;T. Hardwick;R. Hasskew;M. Heintze;A. Helmling-Cornell;N. Holland;J. Jones;S. Kandhasamy;S. Karki;M. Kasprzack;K. Kawabe;P. King;J. Kissel;Rahul Kumar;M. Landry;B. Lane;B. Lantz;M. Laxen;Y. Lecoeuche;J. Leviton;J. Liu;M. Lormand;A. Lundgren;R. Macas;M. Macinnis;D. Macleod;G. Mansell;S. Márka;Z. Márka;D. Martynov;K. Mason;T. Massinger;R. McCarthy;S. Mccormick;J. McIver;G. Mendell;K. Merfeld;E. Merilh;F. Meylahn;T. Mistry;R. Mittleman;G. Moreno;C. Mow-Lowry;S. Mozzon;T. Nelson;P. Nguyen;L. Nuttall;J. Oberling;R. Oram;C. Osthelder;D. Ottaway;H. Overmier;J. R. Palamos;W. Parker;E. Payne;A. Pele;C. Perez;M. Pirello;H. Radkins;K. Ramirez;J. Richardson;K. Riles;N. Robertson;J. Rollins;C. Romel;J. Romie;M. Ross;K. Ryan;T. Sadecki;E. Sanchez;L. Sanchez;T. R. Saravanan;R. Savage;D. Schaetzl;R. Schofield;E. Schwartz;D. Sellers;T. Shaffer;J. R. Smith;S. Soni;B. Sorazu;A. Spencer;K. Strain;L. Sun;M. Szczepańczyk;M. Thomas;P. Thomas;K. Thorne;K. Toland;C. Torrie;G. Traylor;A. Urban;G. Vajente;G. Valdes;D. Vander-Hyde;P. Veitch;K. Venkateswara;Gautam Venugopalan;A. Viets;T. Vo;C. Vorvick;M. Wade;R. Ward;J. Warner;B. Weaver;R. Weiss;B. Willke;C. Wipf;L. Xiao;H. Yamamoto;Hang Yu;L. Zhang;M. Zucker;J. Zweizig

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海森堡测不准原理禁止以更高的精度测量微小的力和位移，该原理对连续测量物体位置的精度施加了限制，称为标准量子极限 , – 。当使用光作为探针时，标准量子极限是由施加到物体上的光子辐射压力和光电探测中的光子数的不确定性之间的平衡产生的。超越标准量子极限的唯一方法是引入物体的位置/动量不确定性与其反射光的光子数/相位不确定性之间的相关性。在这里，我们通过实验证实了这种类型的量子相关性是在激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）中自然产生的理论预测。我们表征并比较了未压缩和以不同正交角注入压缩真空状态时采集的噪声谱。减去经典噪声后，我们的测量结果表明，200 千瓦激光束相位和高级 LIGO 探测器 40 公斤镜子位置中的量子力学不确定性产生了联合量子不确定性，该不确定性比标准量子极限低 1.4 倍（3 分贝）。我们预计量子关联的使用不仅会改善引力波的观测，而且还会更广泛地改善未来量子噪声限制的测量。
The measurement of minuscule forces and displacements with ever greater precision is inhibited by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which imposes a limit to the precision with which the position of an object can be measured continuously, known as the standard quantum limit, , –. When light is used as the probe, the standard quantum limit arises from the balance between the uncertainties of the photon radiation pressure applied to the object and of the photon number in the photoelectric detection. The only way to surpass the standard quantum limit is by introducing correlations between the position/momentum uncertainty of the object and the photon number/phase uncertainty of the light that it reflects. Here we confirm experimentally the theoretical prediction that this type of quantum correlation is naturally produced in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). We characterize and compare noise spectra taken without squeezing and with squeezed vacuum states injected at varying quadrature angles. After subtracting classical noise, our measurements show that the quantum mechanical uncertainties in the phases of the 200-kilowatt laser beams and in the positions of the 40-kilogram mirrors of the Advanced LIGO detectors yield a joint quantum uncertainty that is a factor of 1.4 (3 decibels) below the standard quantum limit. We anticipate that the use of quantum correlations will improve not only the observation of gravitational waves, but also more broadly future quantum noise-limited measurements.