Inferring the effects of partial defoliation on the carbon cycle from forest structure: challenges and opportunities

Inferring the effects of partial defoliation on the carbon cycle from forest structure: challenges and opportunities
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从森林结构推断部分落叶对碳循环的影响:挑战与机遇

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/ac46e9
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Tallant, Jason M
Tallant, Jason M
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gough, Christopher M;Foster, Jane R;Bond-Lamberty, Ben;Tallant, Jason M

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全球森林中的干扰正在增加(McDowell等人,2015年),在某些地区,干扰机制正在转变,包括更多的部分落叶事件,这些事件在时间,持续时间,分布和落叶程度上有所不同(Cohen等人,2016年,图1)。全球已经受到落叶影响的地区是巨大的。例如,生物干扰每年影响全球4400万公顷或3%的林地(考茨等人,2017年)。昆虫和病原体的生物干扰以及干旱和极端高温的干扰通常在空间上扩散和缓慢作用,而不是在整个景观中造成完全和立即的树木死亡,使其对碳(C)循环的影响不确定,可变,难以预测(Amiro等人2010)。这种不确定性很重要:部分落叶规模的影响与碳循环过程呈非线性关系(Medvigy等人,2012年),在某些地区,对植被水平的碳平衡产生根本性控制(Clark等人,2010年)。因此,部分落叶-碳循环相互作用代表了生态预测,遥感和干扰生态学家的关键知识差距(Hicke et al 2012)。从这个角度来看,我们强调了当前的挑战和新出现的机会,以改善部分落叶的表征,并从森林结构的观测中推断其对生态系统-景观碳循环过程的影响。作为FLUXNET的成员,一个全球网络的涡协方差C通量塔,我们强调塔的足迹规模,这通常包括几十公顷。我们关注的是用于表征扰动的地面和遥感工具,因为现场清单和卫星数据通常用于推断
Disturbances are increasing in forests worldwide (McDowell et al 2015) and, in some regions, disturbance regimes are shifting to include a greater number of partial defoliation events that differ in timing, duration, distribution, and extent of leaf loss (Cohen et al 2016, figure 1). The global area already affected by defoliation is immense. For example, biotic disturbances impact 44 million hectares or 3% of the total forestland worldwide on an annual basis (Kautz et al 2017). Rather than causing complete and immediate tree mortality across entire landscapes, biotic disturbances from insects and pathogens and disturbances from drought and extreme heat are often spatially diffuse and slow-acting, making their effects on the carbon (C) cycle uncertain, variable, and difficult to predict (Amiro et al 2010). This uncertainty is important: the impacts of partial defoliation scale nonlinearly with C cycling processes (Medvigy et al 2012) and, in some regions, exert a fundamental control on landscape-level C balance (Clark et al 2010). As a result, partial defoliation-C cycling interactions represent a key knowledge gap relevant to ecological forecasting, remote sensing, and disturbance ecologists (Hicke et al 2012).In this perspective, we highlight current challenges and emerging opportunities for improving the characterization of partial defoliation and inferring its effects on ecosystem-to-landscape C cycling processes from observations of forest structure. As members of FLUXNET, a global network of eddy-covariance C flux towers, we emphasize the tower footprint scale, which typically encompasses tens of hectares. We focus on ground and remote sensing tools used to characterize disturbance, because field inventories and satellite data are commonly used to infer
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影响因子: 13.5
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通讯作者: Cho‐ying Huang;W. Anderegg;G. Asner
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