Slow Down and Remember to Remember! A Delay Theory of Prospective Memory Costs
Slow Down and Remember to Remember! A Delay Theory of Prospective Memory Costs
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DOI：
10.1037/a0038952
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Remington, Roger W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heathcote, Andrew;Loft, Shayne;Remington, Roger W.
基于事件的前瞻性记忆（PM）要求在未来遇到目标事件时执行延迟动作。相对于单独执行正在进行的任务，当个人具有PM任务要求时，他们执行并发正在进行的任务的速度通常较慢。理论对此PM成本的详细解释各不相同，但所有理论都假设PM任务与正在进行的任务共享有限的容量资源。Boywitt和Rummel（2012）以及Horn，Bayen和Smith（2011）报告的扩散模型拟合表明，PM需求降低了关于正在进行的任务选择的证据积累率。我们通过将扩散和线性弹道累积器（Brown & Heathcote，2008）模型拟合到这些相同的数据集和2个更适合模型拟合的新数据集来重新评估这种支持。PM需求对证据积累率的影响不大，但PM需求不断增加正在进行的任务响应选择（响应阈值）所需的证据。对Lourenco、白色和Maylor（2013）报告的数据的进一步分析发现，参与者有区别地调整他们的反应阈值，以减缓与可能包含PM目标的刺激相关的反应。这些研究结果是一致的延迟理论帐户的成本，它认为，个人正在进行的任务反应缓慢，让更多的时间PM响应选择发生。我们的研究结果要求从根本上重新评估目前的能力共享理论的PM成本，直到现在占主导地位的PM文献。
Event-based prospective memory (PM) requires a deferred action to be performed when a target event is encountered in the future. Individuals are often slower to perform a concurrent ongoing task when they have PM task requirements relative to performing the ongoing task in isolation. Theories differ in their detailed interpretations of this PM cost, but all assume that the PM task shares limited-capacity resources with the ongoing task. In what was interpreted as support of this core assumption, diffusion model fits reported by Boywitt and Rummel (2012) and Horn, Bayen, and Smith (2011) indicated that PM demands reduced the rate of accumulation of evidence about ongoing task choices. We revaluate this support by fitting both the diffusion and linear ballistic accumulator (Brown & Heathcote, 2008) models to these same data sets and 2 new data sets better suited to model fitting. There was little effect of PM demands on evidence accumulation rates, but PM demands consistently increased the evidence required for ongoing task response selection (response thresholds). A further analysis of data reported by Lourenco, White, and Maylor (2013) found that participants differentially adjusted their response thresholds to slow responses associated with stimuli potentially containing PM targets. These findings are consistent with a delay theory account of costs, which contends that individuals slow ongoing task responses to allow more time for PM response selection to occur. Our results call for a fundamental reevaluation of current capacity-sharing theories of PM cost that until now have dominated the PM literature.