The use of parasites as biological tags in population studies of herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the North Sea and to the north and west of Scotland
The use of parasites as biological tags in population studies of herring (Clupea harengus L.) in the North Sea and to the north and west of Scotland
复制标题
在北海和苏格兰北部和西部的鲱鱼（Clupea harengus L.）种群研究中使用寄生虫作为生物标签
DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/42.1.33
复制
发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
K. MacKenzie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. MacKenzie
二代尾蚴（CercariapythionikeRothschild）和多立克次体尾蚴（CercaridorichaRothschild）的囊蚴和绦虫（Lacistorhynchussp.）对鲱鱼（Clupea harengusL.）这两种复殖吸虫的生活史相似，第一中间宿主为腹足类Turritella communisLamarck，第二中间宿主为硬骨鱼类，终宿主为食鱼海鸟;第一中间宿主为Lacistorhynchus，终宿主为哲水蚤类桡足类，第二中间宿主为硬骨鱼类，终宿主为板鳃类。这三种寄生虫都发生在鲱鱼的内脏腔中，主要是幽门盲囊周围。大多数（如果不是全部）鲱鱼感染双殖吸虫发生在出生后的第一年，但感染Lacistorhynchus可能发生在年龄较大的鲱鱼中。这三种寄生虫都有很长的寿命，可能与受感染的鲱鱼的寿命相当。东北大西洋研究区北起设得兰群岛，南至爱尔兰海和北海中部，西起爱尔兰西北部，东至卡特加特海峡。1973 ~ 1982年，对23000余尾0 ~ 12龄、秋季产卵的青鱼进行了调查。确定感染区域或地区的每一个物种，使结论得出不同的成年鲱鱼种群的可能起源。据估计，北海东部斯卡格拉克-卡特加特起源的鲱鱼在明奇从估计的55%的2环人口增加到85%的年龄组5环及以上。剩下的大部分可能是从苏格兰东海岸沿着的近海苗圃地招募来的，也可能是从英格兰东北海岸招募来的。有证据表明，在爱尔兰西北部捕获的成年鲱鱼中，有很大一部分是从明奇河的育苗场招募来的。在外赫布里底群岛北部和西部地区捕获的成年鲱鱼的寄生虫流行率最接近于56°N以北的北海东部以及斯卡格拉克和卡特加特海峡的幼鲱鱼。寄生虫的患病率表明，北海东部斯卡格拉克-卡特加特地区的新兵在北海西北部的成年鲱鱼种群的来源，除了一个组成部分，估计为20%，在奥克尼公平岛-Clyth尼斯地区捕获的2环鲱鱼。这一部分可能是从苏格兰东海岸沿着的苗圃地招募的，也可能是从英格兰东北海岸招募的。有证据表明，克莱德湾和爱尔兰海的种群之间存在秋季产卵鲱鱼的交换。
The metacercariae of the digeneansCercaria pythionikeRothschild andCercaria dorichaRothschild and the plerocerus of the cestodeLacistorhynchussp. were used to trace recruitment migrations of herring (Clupea harengusL.). The two digeneans have similar life cycles, with the gastropod molluscTurritella communisLamarck as first intermediate host, teleost fish as second intermediate hosts, and piscivorous sea birds as definitive hosts.Lacistorhynchushas calanoid copepods as first intermediate hosts, teleost fish as second intermediate hosts, and elasmobranch fish as definitive hosts. All three parasite species occur in the visceral cavities of herring, mainly around the pyloric caeca. Most, if not all, infection of herring with the digeneans occurs in the first year of life but infection withLacistorhynchuscan occur in older herring. All three parasite species have long life spans, probably equal to those of the infected herring.The Northeast Atlantic study area extended from Shetland in the north to the Irish Sea and central North Sea in the south, and from northwest of Ireland in the west to the Kattegat in the east. More than 23 000 herring, aged from 0 to 12 winter rings, and predominantly autumn-spawned, were examined from 1973 to 1982.Examinations of juvenile herring caught on nursery grounds showed that each parasite species infected herring only in certain areas. Identification of the infective area or areas for each species enabled conclusions to be drawn as to the probable origin of different adult herring populations. It was estimated that herring of eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat origin in the Minch increased from an estimated 55% of the 2-ring population to 85% of age groups 5 rings and older. Most of the remainder were probably recruited from inshore nursery grounds along the east coast of Scotland and possibly the northeast coast of England. There is evidence that a large proportion of the adult herring caught to the northwest of Ireland were recruited from nursery grounds in the Minch. Adult herring caught in the area to the north and west of the Outer Hebrides had parasite prevalences closest to those in juvenile herring from the eastern North Sea north of 56°N and in the Skagerrak and Kattegat. Parasite prevalences indicated the eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat area as the source of recruits to adult herring populations in the northwestern North Sea apart from a component, estimated at 20%, of the 2-ring herring caught in the Orkney—Fair Isle—Clyth Ness area. This component probably recruited from nursery grounds along the east coast of Scotland and possibly the northeast coast of England. There was evidence of an interchange of autumn-spawned herring between populations in the Firth of Clyde and the Irish Sea.