Huang, B. (ed.): Plant-Environment Interactions
Huang, B. (ed.): Plant-Environment Interactions
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DOI：
10.1007/s11099-007-0105-2
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发表时间：
2007-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
J. Šantrůček
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Šantrůček
植物避免、推迟或耐受不利环境条件的能力是其生长、进化成功和地理分布的关键因素。更好地了解植物对环境胁迫的适应是成功应对近期全球挑战的重要前提：消除全球气候变化下的足短缺和保护生物多样性。这本书提供了一个深入了解复杂的代谢，信号和生理途径及其修改，以应对不利的环境。展望了植物耐逆育种和基因组育种的研究现状。章（Ch.）1综述了近年来热、冷、干旱和盐胁迫下膜结构和功能变化的研究进展。在适应和驯化过程中的脂质组成的变化进行了讨论。去饱和酶的作用，从基因沉默或过度表达，磷脂酶和其他关键酶在脂质合成和降解的推断，以及参与磷脂酶在干旱胁迫传感和信号。chs. 2-5致力于详细研究热、冷、干旱和可变光应激的细胞和分子方面。这些因素主要施加和调查芽。胚胎发生晚期丰富（莱亚）蛋白、脱水蛋白和热激蛋白在种子萌发和幼苗耐热性中的作用与营养和生殖个体发育期间的耐热性分开处理。冷响应基因和它们的激活剂，渗透调节剂，冷信号转导，膜结构，并参与磷脂酶D在植物对冷冻的反应是突出的冷和冷冻胁迫部分。以脱落酸（ABA）和细胞分裂素为主的植物激素及其受体在干旱感知和响应中起着重要作用。第五章综述了植物根系向水性、ABA信号、ABA介导的气孔关闭机制和ABA诱导的基因表达等方面的研究进展。光环境，从秒到昼夜和季节周期的波动，可以触发从遮荫适应光损伤保护植物的全谱响应。第四章综述了叶绿体水平光适应短期和长期光环境变化的机制。叶绿体到核的信号转导也包括在内。第六章论述了耐盐性的分子标记，指出了基因表达和蛋白质对盐胁迫的反应。本文介绍了盐对单个细胞水平的生理效应、损伤和修复以及盐诱导的氧化应激。第七章的主题是对低氧供应的感知、耐涝的分子和细胞机制以及提高耐缺氧性的遗传操作。根系对低磷有效性的适应性多样性较好。根生长的调节，营业额和土壤勘探，通过集群根，微生物共生和物候的磷动员只是几个更详细的特征。下一章讨论了12种重金属的可用性和缺乏或过剩的生理效应：必需微量元素（铜、铁、锰、钼、锌、钴、镍和钒）和有毒元素（镉、铬、铅和汞）。一个单独的章节总结了形态，生理和细胞反应的根土壤非生物胁迫，主要是过剩和…
The ability of plants to avoid, postpone, or tolerate adverse environmental conditions is the key factor of their growth, evolutionary success, and geographical distribution. A better understanding of plant adaptation to environmental stress is an important prerequisite for coping successively with global challenges of the near future: elimination of the foot shortage and protection of biodiversity under global climate change. The book offers an insight into complexity of metabolic, signalling, and physiological pathways and their modifications in response to adverse environment. It also gives prospects and current breeding and genomic approaches in improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stress. Chapter (Ch.) 1 reviews recent advances in the research on membrane structural and functional changes evolved by heat, cold, drought, and salinity stress. Alterations in lipid composition during adaptation and acclimation process are discussed. Role of desaturases, inferred from gene silencing or overexpression, phospholipases and other key enzymes in lipid synthesis and degradation are mentioned as well as involvement of phospholipases in drought stress sensing and signalling. Chs. 2–5 are devoted to cellular and molecular aspects of heat, cold, drought, and variable light stress in details. The factors were predominantly imposed and investigated on shoots. Role of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, dehydrins, and heat shock proteins in seed germination and seedling heat tolerance is treated separately from heat tolerance during vegetative and reproductive ontogeny. Cold-responsive genes and their activators, osmolytes, cold signal transduction, membrane structure, and involvement of phospholipase D in plant response to freezing are highlighted in the cold and freezing stress section. Plant hormones, mainly abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins, and their receptors play an important role in drought sensing and responding. Recent advances in understanding of root hydrotropism, ABA signalling, and mechanism of ABA-mediated stomatal closure and ABA-induced gene expression are reviewed in Ch. 5. Light environment, with fluctuations from fractions of second to diurnal and seasonal cycles, may trigger full spectrum of plant responses from shade adaptations to photodamage protection. Chloroplast-level mechanisms of photoaclimation to short-and long-term changes in light environment are reviewed in Ch. 4. Chloroplast to nucleus signal transduction is also included. Ch. 6 deals with molecular markers of salinity tolerance pointing out the changes in gene expression and protein response to salinity stress. The present knowledge of physiological effects, damage, and repair on level of an individual cell and salt-induced oxidative stress is presented. Perception of lowered oxygen supply, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tolerance to waterlogging, and genetic manipulations in improving the anoxia tolerance are the topics of Ch. 7. Rich variety of adaptive traits of roots to low phosphorus availability is excellently treated in Ch. 8. Regulation of root growth, turnover and soil exploration, phosphorus mobilization by cluster roots, microbial symbioses and phenology are only several of the traits included in more details. The next Chapter considers availability and physiological effects of deficiency or surplus of twelve heavy metals: essential trace elements (copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, nickel, and vanadium) and toxic elements (cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury). A separate chapter summarizes morphological, physiological, and cellular responses of roots to soil abiotic stresses, mainly excess and …