A Bird's Eye View of Influenza A Virus Transmission: Challenges with Characterizing Both Sides of a Co-Evolutionary Dynamic
A Bird's Eye View of Influenza A Virus Transmission: Challenges with Characterizing Both Sides of a Co-Evolutionary Dynamic
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icw055
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Runstadler, Jonathan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hill, Nichola J.;Runstadler, Jonathan A.
在自然界中，野生鸟类和A型流感病毒（IAV）不断共同进化，锁定在抵抗和征服的来回中，随着时间的推移接近稳定的平衡。鸟类宿主和IAV之间的这种共同进化关系在生物体水平上可能是稳定的，但在分子水平上是高度动态的，表现在病毒的传播性和毒力之间的不断权衡。表征宿主-病毒动态的两侧对生态学家和病毒学家都提出了挑战，尽管这种方法有可能提供对哪些条件破坏平衡状态的见解，从而导致极端情况下宿主的爆发或死亡。以宿主为中心或以病毒为中心的不同方法的使用使得难以调和宿主生态学和病毒学的不同领域，以调查并最终预测野鸟介导的IAV传播。本文总结了从病毒学和生态学研究中获得的一些重要经验教训，并探讨了这两种方法的承诺和陷阱。最终，协调生态学和病毒学方法取决于测量宿主-病毒相互作用的综合尺度。我们认为，由于基因组测序、宿主跟踪技术和遥感数据的进步，寻找测量野生鸟类流感动态的共同尺度的前景正在改善，时间单位（月、年或季节）为交叉提供了一个起点。
In nature, wild birds and influenza A viruses (IAV) are continually co-evolving, locked into a back-and-forth of resistance and conquest that has approached a stable equilibrium over time. This co-evolutionary relationship between bird host and IAV may appear stable at the organismal level, but is highly dynamic at the molecular level manifesting in a constant trade-off between transmissibility and virulence of the virus. Characterizing both sides of the host-virus dynamic has presented a challenge for ecologists and virologists alike, despite the potential for this approach to provide insights into which conditions destabilize the equilibrium state resulting in outbreaks or mortality of hosts in extreme cases. The use of different methods that are either host-centric or virus-centric has made it difficult to reconcile the disparate fields of host ecology and virology for investigating and ultimately predicting wild bird-mediated transmission of IAV. This review distills some of the key lessons learned from virological and ecological studies and explores the promises and pitfalls of both approaches. Ultimately, reconciling ecological and virological approaches hinges on integrating scales for measuring host-virus interactions. We argue that prospects for finding common scales for measuring wild bird-influenza dynamics are improving due to advances in genomic sequencing, host-tracking technology and remote sensing data, with the unit of time (months, year, or seasons) providing a starting point for crossover.