Small-scale agricultural landscapes and organic management support wild bee communities of cereal field boundaries
Small-scale agricultural landscapes and organic management support wild bee communities of cereal field boundaries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2017.11.019
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发表时间：
2018-02-15
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Batary, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Happe, Anne-Kathrin;Riesch, Friederike;Batary, Peter
在地方和景观尺度上，传粉媒介对农业集约化都很敏感。假设农田面积小，边界多，格局景观异质性高，可增强农田生物多样性。在此，我们研究了大型和小型农业景观中有机耕作与传统耕作对野生蜜蜂群落及其花卉资源的影响，以改进传粉媒介的保护方案。我们在德国中部18对传统和有机管理的冬小麦田的田间边界，沿着原铁幕，使用平底陷阱和陷阱巢对蜜蜂进行采样。利用诱捕器对昆虫传粉草本植物的物种丰富度和花盖度进行了调查。与传统农业相比，有机农业具有更高的昆虫传粉牧草物种丰富度和田间边界花盖度，可能是由于较少使用除草剂。有趣的是，小规模农业并没有抵消传统管理下的花卉资源损失，因为西方小规模农业与有机管理的差异甚至更大。有机农业，而非小规模农业，增加了独居蜂的物种丰富度，这与它们的小范围一致。相比之下，大黄蜂只受益于小规模农业，这与它们的高传播能力相匹配。尽管两种景观类型的陷阱筑巢蜜蜂的丰度和多样性水平相似，但在小规模农业中，巢细胞寄生率也更高。有机农业和小规模农业都直接或间接地支持了不同的野生蜜蜂群体，这表明保护野生蜜蜂有长期的好处。农业环境计划应该承认迄今为止被忽视的小规模农业对生物多样性的好处及其潜在的服务。
Pollinators are sensitive to agricultural intensification at both local and landscape scales. High configurational landscape heterogeneity due to small fields and a high amount of field boundaries is hypothesized to enhance farmland biodiversity. Here, we investigated the effects of organic vs. conventional farming in large- vs. small-scale agricultural landscapes on wild bee communities and their floral resources to improve conservation schemes for pollinators. We sampled bees in Central Germany at the field boundaries of 18 pairs of conventionally and organically managed winter wheat fields along the former iron curtain using pan traps and trap nests. Around traps, we surveyed species richness and flower cover of insect-pollinated forbs. Compared to conventional farming, organic farming was related to higher insect-pollinated forb species richness and flower cover in the field boundaries, presumably due to the lack of herbicide use. Interestingly, small-scale agriculture did not counteract the loss of floral resources under conventional management, as the difference to organic management was even larger in Western small-scale agriculture. Organic farming, but not small-scale agriculture, enhanced species richness of solitary bees, which is in line with their small home ranges. In contrast, bumblebees benefitted only from small-scale agriculture, which matches with their high dispersal ability. Despite similar levels of abundance and diversity of trap-nesting bees in the two landscape types, brood cell parasitism was also higher in small-scale agriculture. Both organic farming and small-scale agriculture directly and indirectly supported different groups of wild bees, suggesting long-term benefits for conservation. Agri environment schemes should acknowledge the so far neglected benefits of small-scale agriculture for biodiversity and its potential services.