An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery
An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery
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超快可充电铝离子电池
DOI：
10.1038/nature14340
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发表时间：
2015-04-16
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Dai, Hongjie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin, Meng-Chang;Gong, Ming;Dai, Hongjie
新的可充电电池系统的开发可以为各种能源应用提供燃料，从个人电子产品到电网存储。可再充电铝基电池提供了低成本和低可燃性的可能性，以及三电子氧化还原特性，导致高容量。然而，在过去30年的研究努力中遇到了众多的问题，如阴极材料崩解，电池放电电压低（约0. 55伏;参考），无放电电压平台的电容特性（1.1-0.2伏或1.8-0.8伏）和循环寿命不足（少于100次循环），容量衰减迅速（超过100次循环衰减26- 85%），。在这里，我们提出了一种可充电铝电池的高倍率能力，使用铝金属阳极和三维石墨泡沫阴极。电池通过铝在阳极处的电化学沉积和溶解以及氯铝酸盐阴离子在石墨中的嵌入/脱嵌，使用不可燃的离子液体电解质来操作。该电池在2 V附近具有良好的放电电压平台，比容量约为70 mA h g-1，库仑效率约为98%。发现阴极能够实现快速的阴离子扩散和嵌入，在电流密度约为4，000 mA g-1的情况下，充电时间约为1分钟（相当于~ 3，000 W kg-1），并能承受超过7，500次循环而不发生容量衰减。
The development of new rechargeable battery systems could fuel various energy applications, from personal electronics to grid storage,. Rechargeable aluminium-based batteries offer the possibilities of low cost and low flammability, together with three-electron-redox properties leading to high capacity. However, research efforts over the past 30 years have encountered numerous problems, such as cathode material disintegration, low cell discharge voltage (about 0.55 volts; ref. ), capacitive behaviour without discharge voltage plateaus (1.1–0.2 volts or 1.8–0.8 volts) and insufficient cycle life (less than 100 cycles) with rapid capacity decay (by 26–85 per cent over 100 cycles),,,. Here we present a rechargeable aluminium battery with high-rate capability that uses an aluminium metal anode and a three-dimensional graphitic-foam cathode. The battery operates through the electrochemical deposition and dissolution of aluminium at the anode, and intercalation/de-intercalation of chloroaluminate anions in the graphite, using a non-flammable ionic liquid electrolyte. The cell exhibits well-defined discharge voltage plateaus near 2 volts, a specific capacity of about 70 mA h g–1and a Coulombic efficiency of approximately 98 per cent. The cathode was found to enable fast anion diffusion and intercalation, affording charging times of around one minute with a current density of ~4,000 mA g–1(equivalent to ~3,000 W kg–1), and to withstand more than 7,500 cycles without capacity decay.