Handbook of Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Law
Handbook of Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Law
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自闭症谱系障碍和法律手册
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-70913-6_7
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Maras K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maras K
可以说，自闭症患者更有可能在刑事司法系统 (CJS) 中作为受害者/证人（从这里开始，证人一词既指证人又指受害者）或嫌疑人（例如，Brown-Lavoie 等人，Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 44:2185–2196, 2014；Chaplin 和 Mukhopadhyay，Advances in Autism）接受讯问。 4:30–36, 2018；Heeramun 等人，《美国儿童与青少年精神病学杂志》56:491–497.e2，2017 年；Lindblad 和 Lainpelto，《儿童性虐待杂志》20:182–195，2011 年；Rava 等人，《自闭症和发育障碍杂志》 47:340–346, 2017；Tint et al., Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 47: 2639–2647, 2017；Weiss and Fardella, Frontiers in Psychiatry 9:203, 2018），但他们却经历了特定的情景记忆困难和核心社交沟通障碍。语言和沟通是警方访谈的通行手段，目的是引发对事件的详细记忆，最近积累的一系列研究发现，在标准警方访谈程序下接受访谈时，自闭症目击者通常回忆起的信息较少和/或不太准确（然而，关于访谈自闭症警察嫌疑人的研究仍然很少）。本章概述了自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 中与获取证词相关的社会沟通和记忆方面的主要差异，然后回顾了专门审查 ASD 目击者证词的研究。在考虑可能进一步影响他们的证词的因素（例如建议性和服从性）之前，将讨论不同访谈技术的有效性。在本章结束之前，我们还通过讨论实际问题并总结迄今为止的调查结果，简要考虑了调查结果对其他情况（例如警方嫌疑人和法庭）的影响。
Autistic individuals are arguably more likely to be interviewed within the Criminal Justice System (CJS) as a victim/witness (From here on the term witness is used to refer to both witnesses and victims.) or suspect (e.g., Brown-Lavoie et al., Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 44:2185–2196, 2014; Chaplin and Mukhopadhyay, Advances in Autism 4:30–36, 2018; Heeramun et al., Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 56:491–497.e2, 2017; Lindblad and Lainpelto, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 20:182–195, 2011; Rava et al., Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 47:340–346, 2017; Tint et al., Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 47: 2639–2647, 2017; Weiss and Fardella, Frontiers in Psychiatry 9:203, 2018), yet they experience specific episodic memory difficulties coupled with core social communication impairments. Language and communication are the currency of police interviews in order to elicit detailed memory of an event, and a recently accumulating body of research has found that autistic witnesses often recall less information and/or less accurately when interviewed under standard police interviewing procedures (there remains, however, a paucity of research on interviewing autistic police suspects). This chapter provides an overview of key differences in social communication and memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that are relevant to obtaining testimony, before reviewing studies that have specifically examined eyewitness testimony in ASD. The effectiveness of different interviewing techniques will be discussed, before consideration is given to factors that may further impact their testimony, such as suggestibility and compliance. The implications of findings for other contexts such as police suspects and at court are also briefly considered before the chapter concludes by discussing practical issues and summarising the findings to date.