Simplified methods in Soil Dynamics
Simplified methods in Soil Dynamics
复制标题
土壤动力学的简化方法
DOI：
10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.02.008
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
R. Dobry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Dobry
在简要描述了定义土动力学及其工程应用的主要特征之后，讨论了简化方法的作用。尽管目前广泛使用强大的计算机模拟，但简化方法将继续在土动力学中发挥重要作用，就像它们在岩土工程的其他方面所做的那样。简化的方法允许工程师手工或以最小的计算工作量(包括参数变化)进行计算。在这个过程中，工程师有可能对各种因素的物理意义和相对重要性产生一种感觉，对计算和决策有更多的个人控制，包括根据需要使用工程判断。文中提供了作者提出的简化程序清单，涵盖了从自由场和土坝到浅基础和深基础的各种系统，这些系统受到包括地震震动和机器振动的激励。对简化过程背后的基本理论和简化的基本了解对工程师非常有帮助，包括动力学和波传播概念。其中一些理解是在本文中发展起来的，重点是浅基础和其他土-结构动力相互作用的应用。这堂课集中在半空间上的浅基础上，在基础的六个自由度中的任何一个承受动力载荷，以及多年来提出的表征相应的等效土壤弹簧和阻尼器的简化方法。这包括频率相关和频率无关的弹簧和仪表盘。它始于在20世纪的大部分时间里被研究的圆形表面基础，直到Lysmer和其他人在1966-1971年的突破，继续到任意形状的表面和嵌入基础的情况，最终在1990年和1991年由Gazetas发表的两份摘要出版物中。本文较详细地讨论了用于任意形状的表面基础和埋入基础的简化等效弹簧和仪表盆的发展，包括作者在该过程的早期部分所做的贡献。
After a brief description of the main characteristics that define Soil Dynamics and its engineering applications, the role of Simplified Methods is discussed. Despite the current wide availability of powerful computer simulations, it is concluded that Simplified Methods will continue to play an important role in Soil Dynamics as they do in the rest of Geotechnical Engineering. Simplified Methods allow the engineer to conduct calculations by hand or with a minimum computational effort, including parametric variations. In the process, the engineer has the possibility to develop a feel for the physical meaning and relative importance of the various factors, with more personal control of calculations and decisions including use of engineering judgment as needed. A list of simplified procedures proposed by the author is provided, covering systems that range from the free field and earth dams to shallow and deep foundations, subjected to excitations that include both seismic shaking and machine vibrations. Basic understanding of the basic theory and simplifications behind the simplified procedure can be very helpful to engineers, including Dynamics and Wave Propagation concepts. Some of this understanding is developed in the paper, with focus on shallow machine foundations and other dynamic soil–structure interaction applications.The Lecture concentrates on shallow machine foundations on a half-space subjected to dynamic loads in any of the six degrees of freedom of the foundation, and the Simplified Methods that have been proposed over the years to characterize the corresponding equivalent soil springs and dashpots. This includes both frequency-dependent and frequency-independent springs and dashpots. It started with the circular surface foundation which was studied over much of the 20th Century, until the breakthroughs by Lysmer and others in 1966–1971, and continued with the cases of surface and embedded foundations of arbitrary shape that culminated in the two summary publications by Gazetas in 1990 and 1991. The development of these simplified equivalent springs and dashpots for both surface and embedded foundations of arbitrary shape is discussed in some detail, including the contribution of the author in the early part of the process.