RECOMBINATION OF MOTOR PATTERN GENERATORS
RECOMBINATION OF MOTOR PATTERN GENERATORS
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DOI：
10.1016/0960-9822(91)90066-6
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发表时间：
1991-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
GRILLNER S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRILLNER S
大脑最好被描述为大量的神经网络，每个神经网络都有其特定的功能。不同的行为模式是由不同的神经细胞网络产生的。在感觉神经系统中，某些网络可以检测视觉图像的轮廓，而其他网络则检测给定的音调或音调序列。我们的运动表现是多种多样的。许多预先形成的网络在我们出生时就已经在运作了，比如那些控制婴儿吮吸、吞咽和呼吸的网络。另一些则随着神经系统的成熟而变得有效，如走路、表达情绪、发声和线条逗留动作[11]。神经科学的一个主要目标是了解这些不同的网络如何在相互作用的神经细胞中起作用，以及它们如何适应各种外部事件。要详细了解所考虑的网络，需要了解所有相关神经细胞之间的连通性、突触传递类型、突触后受体、膜特性、激活模式和感觉相互作用。复杂的是，数学建模是一个必要的和非常重要的工具。出于同样的原因，必须使用神经元相对较少的实验模型。对几种简单的无脊椎动物和最近的低等脊椎动物网络的研究[7-101]提供了对网络的细胞运作模式的见解，但在复杂的哺乳动物网络分析中还没有得到这样的结果。
The brain can best be described as a large number of neural networks, each specialized for its particular htnction. Different patterns of behaviour are each generated by a separate network of nerve cells. In the sensory nervous system, certain networks may detect the outline of a visual image, whereas others detect a given tone or sequence of tones. Our motor performance is varied. A number of preformed networks are already in operation when we are born such as those that control sucking in the infant, swallowing and breathing. Others become effective as the nervous system matures, such as walking, expression of emotions, vocalizations and Iine linger movements [11.One major goal of neuroscience is to understand how these diiferent networks function in terms of interacting nerve cells, and how they can adapt to a variety of external events. A detailed understanding of the network under consideration requires a knowledge of the connectivity between all relevant nerve cells, types of synaptic transmission, postsynaptic receptors, membrane properties, mode of activation and sensory interaction. The complexity is such that mathematical modelling is a necessary and very important tool. For the same reason experimental models with comparatively few neurons have to be used. Studies of several simple invertebrate i2-61 and, more recently, lower vertebrate networks [7-101 have provided insights into the cellular modes of operation of networks, but no such results have yet come out of the complex mammalian network analyses.