Development and Validation of the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) Toward Further Understanding of Occupant Injury Mechanisms in Precrash and During Crash
Development and Validation of the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) Toward Further Understanding of Occupant Injury Mechanisms in Precrash and During Crash
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2015.1015000
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kimpara, Hideyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Iwamoto, Masami;Nakahira, Yuko;Kimpara, Hideyuki
目的：主动安全装置，如自动紧急制动(AEB)和碰撞前安全带，有可能进一步减少因汽车事故造成的死亡人数。然而，应该通过更准确地估计它们与人体的相互作用来调查它们的有效性。计算人体模型适合于研究，特别是考虑肌肉张力对乘员运动和伤害结果的影响。然而，传统的建模方法，如多体模型和详细有限元模型，在考虑肌肉张力效应的计算代价和损伤预测方面各有优缺点。本研究的目的是建立并验证具有全身肌肉的人体有限元模型，该模型可用于详细研究碰撞前和碰撞过程中人体与车辆结构(包括一些安全装置)之间的相互作用，且计算成本相对较低。方法：本研究建立了一个人体有限元模型Thums(Total Human Model For Safe)，体型为50%成年男性(AM50)，采用坐姿。该模型具有骨骼、韧带、肌肉、大脑和内脏的解剖结构。单元总数为281260个，实现了相对较低的计算成本。可变形材料模型被分配给身体的所有部位。肌肉-肌腱复合体由具有Hill类型肌肉材料的桁架单元和具有仅张力材料的安全带单元来模拟。根据35组身体或志愿者的正面、侧面和后方碰撞测试数据，验证了Thums的有效性。本文给出了与正面碰撞相关的15个系列身体试验数据的模型验证。结果与结论：在5个系列身体测试数据的验证中，利用相关分析(CORA)对拇指预测的力-时间曲线进行了定量评估，结果表明，在大多数情况下，Thums预测的力-时间曲线与身体测试数据具有良好或可接受的一致性。对肌肉效应的研究表明，肌肉激活程度和时机对乘员运动学和损伤结果有显著影响。虽然事故损伤重建还需要进一步的研究，但Thums有可能以相对较低的计算成本预测乘员运动学和损伤结果，同时考虑到肌肉张力的影响。
Objective: Active safety devices such as automatic emergency brake (AEB) and precrash seat belt have the potential to accomplish further reduction in the number of the fatalities due to automotive accidents. However, their effectiveness should be investigated by more accurate estimations of their interaction with human bodies. Computational human body models are suitable for investigation, especially considering muscular tone effects on occupant motions and injury outcomes. However, the conventional modeling approaches such as multibody models and detailed finite element (FE) models have advantages and disadvantages in computational costs and injury predictions considering muscular tone effects. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a human body FE model with whole body muscles, which can be used for the detailed investigation of interaction between human bodies and vehicular structures including some safety devices precrash and during a crash with relatively low computational costs.Methods: In this study, we developed a human body FE model called THUMS (Total HUman Model for Safety) with a body size of 50th percentile adult male (AM50) and a sitting posture. The model has anatomical structures of bones, ligaments, muscles, brain, and internal organs. The total number of elements is 281,260, which would realize relatively low computational costs. Deformable material models were assigned to all body parts. The muscle-tendon complexes were modeled by truss elements with Hill-type muscle material and seat belt elements with tension-only material. The THUMS was validated against 35 series of cadaver or volunteer test data on frontal, lateral, and rear impacts. Model validations for 15 series of cadaver test data associated with frontal impacts are presented in this article. The THUMS with a vehicle sled model was applied to investigate effects of muscle activations on occupant kinematics and injury outcomes in specific frontal impact situations with AEB.Results and Conclusions: In the validations using 5 series of cadaver test data, force-time curves predicted by the THUMS were quantitatively evaluated using correlation and analysis (CORA), which showed good or acceptable agreement with cadaver test data in most cases. The investigation of muscular effects showed that muscle activation levels and timing had significant effects on occupant kinematics and injury outcomes. Although further studies on accident injury reconstruction are needed, the THUMS has the potential for predictions of occupant kinematics and injury outcomes considering muscular tone effects with relatively low computational costs.