Use of a general toxicity test to predict heavy metal concentrations in residential soils
Use of a general toxicity test to predict heavy metal concentrations in residential soils
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.042
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Davis, Harley T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aelion, C. Marjorie;Davis, Harley T.
在南卡罗来纳州出生的儿童中发现了明显的发育迟缓和智力低下（DD/MR）。虽然很难确定导致 DD/MR 的一个因素，但环境损害（包括孕妇接触重金属）c；在他们的孩子中诱发 DD/MR。由于测量大量环境样品中单个金属的浓度的成本很高，因此采用通用的 Microtox(R) 毒性测试来识别剧毒土壤样品。从住宅区采集了大约 100 个土壤样品并进行分析，以确定抑制发光细菌测试生物体（费氏弧菌）50% 光发射所需的土壤有效浓度 (EC(50))。然后将 EC(50) 值转换为相对毒性单位 (RTU)。然后通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（EPA 方法 6010）对 56 个高毒性和低毒性土壤样品的子集进行了砷、铅和铬（这些已知的神经毒素）的分析。测得的最高砷浓度比南卡罗来纳州住宅土壤限值高出30倍。研究发现 RTU 与土壤砷和铬浓度之间存在显着相关性。 Microtox((R)) 还鉴定出一些低砷和低铬样品有毒，可能是因为土壤中还存在其他未识别的有毒物质。然而，总的来说，Microtox(R) 测试可以有效地识别砷和铬浓度升高的土壤，即使是在预计土壤毒性有限的住宅区也是如此。 (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Significant clusters of developmental delay and mental retardation (DD/MR) were identified in children born in South Carolina. Although it is difficult to identify one factor that causes DD/MR, environmental insult including exposure of pregnant women to heavy metals c; in induce DD/MR in their children. Because it is expensive to measure the concentrations of individual metals in large numbers of environmental samples, the general Microtox((R)) toxicity test was used to identify highly toxic soil samples. Approximately 100 soil samples were collected from residential areas and analyzed to determine an effective concentration (EC(50)) of soil required to inhibit 50% light emission of the luminescent bacterial test organism (Vibrio fischeri). The EC(50) values were then transformed to relative toxicity units (RTU). A subset of 56 high and low toxicity soil samples was then analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (EPA method 6010) for arsenic, lead, and chromium, which are known neurotoxins. The highest measured arsenic concentration was 30 times hi.,her than the South Carolina residential soil limit. Significant correlations were found between the RTU and soil arsenic and chromium concentrations. Microtox((R)) also identified some low arsenic and chromium samples as toxic, presumably because additional unidentified toxicants were present in the soil. In general, however, the Microtox((R)) test was effective in identifying soils with elevated concentrations of arsenic and chromium, even in residential neighborhoods where limited soil toxicity was expected. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.