A personal particulate matter exposure monitor to support household air pollution exposure and health studies
A personal particulate matter exposure monitor to support household air pollution exposure and health studies
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DOI：
10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857373
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发表时间：
2016-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Seung-Hyun Cho;R. Chartier;K. Mortimer;M. Dherani;Terence Tafatatha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Seung-Hyun Cho;R. Chartier;K. Mortimer;M. Dherani;Terence Tafatatha
用于烹饪和取暖的固体燃料燃烧产生的家庭空气污染（HAP）每年导致430万人过早死亡。受影响最严重的包括资源有限国家的妇女和幼儿。目前，减少接触HAP的标准做法是用效率更高的改良炉灶取代传统炉灶。然而，减少接触与潜在健康益处之间的关系在有限的水平上得到了量化。传统的监测技术无法提供准确的个人暴露数据，这对研究参与者和研究人员来说都是一个负担。当地研究人员使用RTI MicroPEM™（一种低负荷颗粒物（PM）个人暴露监测仪）评估了319个马拉维农村家庭6周和26周大儿童的HAP暴露情况。MicroPEM收集实时和金标准集成过滤器PM数据。机载加速度计告知参与者遵守研究方案，即母亲在48小时测量期间与孩子一起移动监护仪，并在携带孩子时佩戴监护仪。在92%的家庭中收集了有效数据，并且在45%的清醒时间内移动或佩戴MicroPEM。超过80%的参与者在48小时监测期间的至少一半时间内暴露于高于WHO指南的PM水平。15个家庭的平行个人和室内厨房样本显示室内PM水平高出13倍。这些早期数据表明，MicroPEM允许当地研究人员收集非常年幼和风险最高的儿童的高质量个人暴露数据。
Household air pollution (HAP) emitted from solid fuel combustion for cooking and heating is responsible for 4.3 million premature deaths annually. Those most affected include women and young children in resource-limited countries. The current standard practice for reducing HAP exposure is to replace traditional cookstoves with more efficient improved stoves. However, the relationship between exposure reduction and potential health benefits has been quantified at limited levels. Accurate personal exposure data have not been available from conventional monitoring technologies, burdensome for both study participants and researchers. The RTI MicroPEM™, a low-burden particulate matter (PM) personal exposure monitor, was used by local researchers to assess HAP exposures of 6 and 26 week old children in 319 rural Malawian households. The MicroPEM collects both real-time and gold-standard integrated filter PM data. The on-board accelerometer informs participant compliance to the study protocol that the mother moves the monitor with the child throughout the 48-hour measurement period and wears it while carrying the child. Valid data were collected in 92% of homes, and the MicroPEM was moved or worn during 45% of waking hours. More than 80% of the participants were exposed to the PM levels greater than the WHO guideline during at least a half of the 48-hour monitoring period. Parallel personal and indoor kitchen samples at 15 households showed 13 times higher PM levels indoors. These early data indicate the MicroPEM allows local researchers to collect high quality personal exposure data for very young and the most at-risk children.