IXODES PACIFICUS COOLEY AND KOHLS 1943 - ITS LIFE-HISTORY AND OCCURRENCE
IXODES PACIFICUS COOLEY AND KOHLS 1943 - ITS LIFE-HISTORY AND OCCURRENCE
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182000069663
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发表时间：
1968-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
SNOW, KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ARTHUR, DR;SNOW, KR
描述了在实验室条件下以豚鼠为食的太平洋鼠的生活史。雌性的哺育期为10-11天。在与宿主分离后，雌性蜱虫的肠道中发现了120至191毫克的浓缩食物，这与蜱虫未喂食的体重直接相关。产卵模式，一般来说，有一个最初的高峰，之后蛋的数量逐渐减少，整个过程持续大约33-40天。雌性产卵的数量在790到1300之间。预产卵期约11-16天。幼虫的孵化期约为53-55天，取食时间为4 - 9天，但在本实验中，早期产卵的幼虫需要10天左右才能完成进食。90% rh时，幼虫到若虫的蜕皮期为37-38天，若虫的取食期为7-11天，大部分在第9天饱腹。很少有雌性从这些若虫中出来，而那些在30多天内就出来了。其原因尚不清楚。似乎不需要滞育来完成生命周期，考虑到口器的硬化，一代的生活史约为7个月。如果找不到宿主，雌性会在3或4个月内死亡。从文献和迄今未发表的记录来看，约有55种脊椎动物被认为是太平洋棘虫的宿主；这些宿主包括各种各样的哺乳动物，六种鸟类，可能还有九种蜥蜴。该物种已在不列颠哥伦比亚省和美国西部五个州被列入名单，强调需要对该物种进行更深入的生态工作。感谢格伦·m·科尔斯、j·d·格雷森和d·e·约翰斯通允许我们使用他们各自机构未发表的记录。我们中的一个人（D.R.A）也感谢惠康基金会的受托人在工作的初步阶段为访问加拿大提供财政援助。
The life-history of I. pacificus when fed on guinea-pigs under laboratory conditions is described. Feeding of the female proceeds for 10–11 days. Between 120 and 191 mg of concentrated food is found in the female's gut on detaching from this host, and this is directly related to the unfed body weight of the tick.The egg-laying pattern, in general, shows an initial peak, after which the number of eggs tails off, the whole process lasting approximately 33–40 days. The number of eggs laid by females varies between 790 and 1300. The preoviposition period is about 11–16 days.Larvae hatch in about 53–55 days, and their feeding time ranges from 4 to 9 days, although in the present experiments larvae emerging from early laid eggs took about 10 days to complete engorgements.Moulting of larvae to nymphs at 90% R.H. took 37–38 days, and nymphs fed for 7–11 days, with most becoming replete on the ninth.Very few females emerged from these nymphs, and those that did emerged in just over 30 days. The reasons for this are not clear. No diapause appeared to be necessary to complete the life-cycle, and with due allowance for hardening of the mouthparts the life-history of one generation was about 7 months. Females died within 3 or 4 months if hosts were not available.From the literature and from hitherto unpublished records some 55 vertebrates have been implicated as hosts to I. pacificus; these hosts include a wide range of mammals, six species of birds and possibly nine species of lizards.The species has been listed from British Columbia and from five western states of U.S.A. The need for more intensive ecological work on this species is emphasized.We are indebted to Glen M. Kohls, J. D. Gregson and D. E. Johnstone for permission to use unpublished records from their respective institutions. One of us (D.R.A) is also indebted to the Wellcome Trustees for financial assistance to visit Canada during the preliminary stages of the work.