The immune effects of naturally occurring and synthetic nanoparticles
The immune effects of naturally occurring and synthetic nanoparticles
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.009
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Chang, Christopher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chang, Christopher
超细颗粒和工程纳米颗粒具有独特的空气动力学和生物化学特性，其影响免疫系统和人类健康的方式不同于或超过气体或较大颗粒的影响。这些效应源于一组独特的物理特性和表面部分，这些特性和表面部分使UFP能够进入组织和细胞，在分子水平上与蛋白质和DNA相互作用，并通过新机制直接和间接调节免疫系统。近年来，一个被称为纳米技术的新领域通过利用这些小的“原子大小”颗粒的特殊品质影响了多个行业。纳米医学已经在癌症治疗、药物输送和免疫调节方面开辟了一条新的研究途径。虽然这项新科学对人类文明的好处似乎是不可估量的，但同样重要的是要认识到这些颗粒也会对人类健康产生有害影响。体外和动物研究显示，纳米颗粒和UFP能够激活促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和粘附分子，并募集炎性细胞，包括嗜碱性粒细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、T细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞。这些变化可能对免疫防御产生影响，但也对Th 1/Th 2平衡，甚至对非免疫功能产生影响。由此产生的免疫系统紊乱可导致自身免疫性、过敏性甚至肿瘤性疾病的发病率增加。在人体中观察到对呼吸系统的影响。需要进一步开展大量研究，以确定这一重要的新型颗粒物的安全暴露水平。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Ultrafine particles and engineered nanoparticles have unique aerodynamic and biochemical properties that affect the immune system and human health in ways that are different from or exceed those seen with gases or larger particulates. These effects result from a unique set of physical characteristics and surface moieties, which generate an ability of UFPs to enter tissues and cells, interact with proteins and DNA at a molecular level and directly and indirectly modulate the immune system by novel mechanisms. In recent years, a new field known as nanotechnology has impacted multiple industries by taking advantage of the special qualities of these small "atomic-sized" particles. Nanomedicine has already opened up a new avenue of research in cancer therapy, drug delivery and immune regulation. While the benefits of this new science to human civilization are seemingly immeasurable, it is also important to appreciate that these particles can also lead to harmful effects on human health. In vitro and animal studies are showing that nanoparticles and UFPs are capable of activating proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, with recruitment of inflammatory cells including basophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. These changes may have an impact on immune defense, but also on the Th1/Th2 balance, and even on non-immunologic function. Resulting immune system derangement can lead to increases in incidence of autoimmune, allergic and even neoplastic diseases. Cardiorespiratory effects have been observed to occur in humans. Much further research is needed to establish safe exposure levels for this important new class of particulates. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.