Environmental persistence of Brucella abortus in the Greater Yellowstone Area
Environmental persistence of Brucella abortus in the Greater Yellowstone Area
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DOI：
10.1002/jwmg.274
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Corso, Barbara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aune, Keith;Rhyan, Jack C.;Corso, Barbara
大黄石地区 (GYA) 的野牛 (Bison bison) 和麋鹿 (Cervus elaphus) 是美国仅存的牛布鲁氏菌病 (Brucella abortus) 宿主。评估牛传播风险的一个重要因素是牛吃草的牧场上细菌和传染性分娩材料的持续存在。我们选择了黄石国家公园 (YNP) 北部和西部边界附近的 2 个研究区域，以确定细菌在胎儿组织、土壤和植被上的持久性，以及从出生和堕胎地点清除感染性物质的情况。我们进行了 3 项独立的现场实验，以确定：1）故意应用于胎儿组织的流产布鲁氏菌（RB51）的持久性，2）本地食腐动物对胎儿的清除，以及 3）GYA 中出生或流产地点的自然污染。这些现场实验的结果表明，布鲁氏菌可以在胎儿组织和土壤或植被上持续 2181 天，具体取决于月份、温度和阳光照射情况。故意应用于胎儿组织的细菌在 2 月份的持续时间比 5 月份要长，并且无论何时开始，在 6 月 10 日之后都无法在组织中存活。流产布鲁氏菌野外菌株在自然污染的野牛出生或流产地点的土壤和植被中持续存在长达 43 天。在 YNP 附近地区，胎儿被各种鸟类和哺乳动物捕食，并且 YNP 内部比公园边界外更快。根据我们的数据得出的模型确定，5 月份的污染事件中细菌存活超过 26 天（95% 可信区间为 1830 天）的可能性为 0.05%。根据当前的跨部门野牛管理计划，5 月 15 日是欺凌所有野牛进入黄石国家公园的最后日期。通过这些数据，管理者可以预测何时可以安全地在以前被野牛占据的牧场上放牧牛群。 (C) 2011 年野生动物协会。
Bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus elaphus) of the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) are the last remaining reservoirs of bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in the United States. An important factor in evaluating the risk of transmission to cattle is the persistence of bacteria and infectious birth materials shed on pastures where cattle graze. We selected 2 study areas near the northern and western boundaries of Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to determine the persistence of bacteria on fetal tissue, soil, and vegetation, and scavenging on infectious materials from birth and abortion sites. We performed 3 independent field experiments to determine: 1) persistence of Brucella abortus (RB51) purposely applied to fetal tissues, 2) scavenging of fetuses by native scavengers, and 3) natural contamination of birth or abortion sites in the GYA. Results from these field experiments established that Brucella bacteria can persist on fetal tissues and soil or vegetation for 2181 days depending on month, temperature, and exposure to sunlight. Bacteria purposely applied to fetal tissues persisted longer in February than May and did not survive on tissues beyond 10 June regardless of when they were set out. Brucella abortus field strain persisted up to 43 days on soil and vegetation at naturally contaminated bison birth or abortion sites. Fetuses were scavenged by a variety of birds and mammals in areas near YNP and more rapidly inside YNP than outside the Park boundary. Models derived from our data determined a 0.05% chance of bacterial survival beyond 26 days (95% Credible Interval of 1830 days) for a contamination event in May. May 15 is the final date for hazing all bison into Yellowstone National Park under the current interagency bison management plan. With these data managers can predict when it is safe to graze cattle onto pastures previously occupied by bison. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.