Attitudes to a marine protected area are associated with perceived social impacts
Attitudes to a marine protected area are associated with perceived social impacts
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对海洋保护区的态度与感知到的社会影响有关
DOI：
10.1016/j.marpol.2018.04.020
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
E. Harvey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asha McNeill;J. Clifton;E. Harvey
海洋保护区（MPA）通过限制或禁止特定区域的资源使用来保护海洋生物多样性和生态系统。海洋资源获取机会的减少必然会影响居住在附近并利用这些资源的当地社区。社会维度被认为对于海洋保护区成功实现环境目标至关重要，但人们对这些维度的了解却知之甚少。虽然许多研究都集中在发展中国家，但近期 MPA 覆盖范围的增长大部分发生在经济较发达的地区。本研究旨在通过探索与西澳大利亚中海岸建立的海洋保护区相关的社会影响的多样性来解决这一差距。采访了一系列采掘性和非采掘性利益相关者，以确定所经历的影响类型以及这些影响与对 MPA 的态度之间的关系。结果表明，利益相关者所经历的影响的性质与其态度之间存在密切关联。社会影响在利益相关者之间的分布并不均匀，一些采掘用户群体遭受了大部分负面影响，并持有高度批评的态度。最常见的不利影响影响个人用户的福祉，包括恐惧、压力、不确定性和不平等的感觉，而对捕鱼活动的影响有限。那些报告更广泛的社区或环境效益的人对 MPA 持积极评价。这些结果共同说明了识别和减轻所经历的全方位社会影响的重要性，而不是仅仅关注捕捞活动的破坏或社会经济影响。
Marine protected areas (MPAs) conserve marine biodiversity and ecosystems by limiting or prohibiting resource use in specific areas. Reduced access to a marine resource will invariably impact local communities which reside nearby and utilise those resources. Social dimensions are recognised as crucial to the success of MPAs in meeting environmental goals, however, these dimensions are poorly understood. While much research is focused on developing countries, the majority of recent growth in MPA coverage is occurring in more economically developed settings. This research aims to address this gap by exploring the diversity of social impacts associated with an established MPA on the mid-coast of Western Australia. A range of extractive and non-extractive stakeholders were interviewed to identify the type of impacts experienced and how these are associated with attitudes towards the MPA. The results demonstrate there is a strong association between the nature of the impacts experienced by stakeholders and their attitudes. The social impacts are not distributed uniformly among stakeholders, with some groups of extractive users suffering the majority of the negative impacts and holding highly critical attitudes. The most common adverse impacts affect individual users’ well-being including feelings of fear, stress, uncertainty and inequity, while impacts on fishing activities are limited. Those who reported broader scale community or environmental benefits held largely positive assessments of the MPA. Together these results illustrate the importance of identifying and mitigating the full spectrum of social impacts experienced, as opposed to a narrow focus on the disruption of fishing activities or socio-economic impacts alone.