Specialized knowledge and skills in feeding, eating, and swallowing for occupational therapy practice.
Specialized knowledge and skills in feeding, eating, and swallowing for occupational therapy practice.
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用于职业治疗实践的喂养、进食和吞咽方面的专业知识和技能。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
S. Holm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. F. Clark;W. Avery;Linda S. Wold;P. Anthony;S. Holm
职业治疗在日常生活活动方面的长期专业知识包括参与个体整个生命周期的进食、进食和吞咽表现（AOTA，2002）。职业治疗师和职业治疗助理1都在喂养、进食和吞咽问题的综合管理方面提供基本服务。这些问题可能范围很广，可能包括身体困难（例如，将食物放入口中）、在口腔中加工食物（例如，运动或感觉缺陷）、吞咽困难、基于社会心理的饮食失调（例如，食物痴迷、适应不良的饮食习惯）、与认知障碍相关的功能障碍（例如，了解营养或食物准备）、手术干预和神经功能障碍，以及影响喂养、进食和吞咽的定位问题。侧重于日常生活活动的干预措施包括提高个人参与对其有价值且有意义的喂养和饮食活动的能力，例如学习独立吃饭、与朋友一起吃午餐或喂养孩子。职业治疗师和职业治疗助理拥有评估和干预喂养、进食和吞咽问题所需的教育、经验、知识和技能。在评估和干预中考虑喂养、进食和吞咽的身体、认知、社会、情感和文化因素。本文件的目的是描述职业治疗师和职业治疗助理提供全面的喂养、进食和吞咽管理和服务所需的知识和技能。它提供了有关职业治疗师和职业治疗助理在喂养、进食和吞咽方面的作用的信息；概述高级知识和技能；并定义了喂养、进食和吞咽相关术语。
Occupational therapy’s long-standing expertise in activities of daily living includes involvement in the feeding, eating, and swallowing performance of individuals across the life span (AOTA, 2002). Both occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants1 provide essential services in the comprehensive management of feeding, eating, and swallowing problems. These problems can be wide ranging and may include physical difficulty (e.g., bringing food to the mouth), processing food in the mouth (e.g., motor or sensory deficits), dysphagia, psychosocially based eating disorders (e.g., food obsessions, maladaptive eating habits), dysfunction related to cognitive impairments (e.g., understanding nutrition or food preparation), surgical intervention, and neurological impairments, as well as positioning problems that affect feeding, eating, and swallowing. Interventions focused on occupations of daily living include facilitating an individual’s ability to participate in feeding and eating activities that are valued and meaningful to that person, such as learning to eat independently, joining friends for lunch, or feeding a child. Occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants possess the education, experience, knowledge, and skills necessary in the evaluation and intervention of feeding, eating, and swallowing problems. Physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural elements of feeding, eating, and swallowing are considered in evaluation and intervention. The purpose of this document is to describe the knowledge and skills that are necessary for occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants to provide comprehensive feeding, eating, and swallowing management and services. It provides information on occupational therapists’ and occupational therapy assistants’ roles in feeding, eating, and swallowing; outlines advanced-level knowledge and skills; and defines feeding-, eating-, and swallowingrelated terms.