Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection
Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.004
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
25.7
通讯作者：
Alter, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alter, MJ
在世界范围内，B型肝炎病毒（HBV）估计占3.7亿慢性感染，丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）估计占1.3亿，HIV估计占4000万。在艾滋病毒感染者中，估计有200 - 400万人患有慢性HBV合并感染，400 - 500万人患有HCV合并感染。乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和艾滋病毒有着共同的传播途径，但它们的流行率因地理区域而异，某些类型的接触传播它们的效率也不同。在来自西欧和美国的HIV阳性者中，慢性HBV感染率为6-14%，包括4-6%的异性恋者，9-17%的男男性行为者（MSM）和7-10%的注射吸毒者。HCV感染在25-30%的艾滋病毒阳性者中被发现; 72-95%的注射吸毒者，1-12%的男男性行为者和9-27%的异性恋者。艾滋病毒感染者的特征因合并感染的肝炎病毒而异，其流行病学模式可能会随着时间的推移而发生变化，因此需要建立监测系统来监测其感染模式，以确保预防措施具有适当的针对性。(c)2005年欧洲肝脏研究协会。Elsevier B. V.出版，保留所有权利。
Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) accounts for an estimated 370 million chronic infections, hepatitis C virus (HCV) for an estimated 130 million, and HIV for an estimated 40 million. In HIV-infected persons, an estimated 2-4 million have chronic HBV co-infection and 4-5 million have HCV co-infection. HBV, HCV and HIV share common routes of transmission, but they differ in their prevalence by geographic region and the efficiency by which certain types of exposures transmit them. Among HIV-positive persons studied from Western Europe and the USA, chronic HBV infection has been found in 6-14% overall, including 4-6% of heterosexuals, 9-17% of men who have sex with men (MSM), and 7-10% of injection drug users. HCV infection has been found in 25-30% of HIV-positive persons overall; 72-95% of injection drug users, 1-12% of MSM and 9-27% of heterosexuals. The characteristics of HIV infected persons differ according to the co-infecting hepatitis virus, their epidemiologic patterns may change over time, and surveillance systems are needed to monitor their infection patterns in order to ensure that prevention measures are targeted appropriately. (c) 2005 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.