Heterochromatin effects in Friedreich's ataxia and sexual dimorphism-猫眼课题宝

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2012-04

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Cihangir Yandım

.........................................................................................................................3出版物.......................................................................................................................4个敬业........................................................................................................................5个确认..............................................................................................................................6目录.....................................................................................................................7图形列表.....................................................................................................................12表格列表.....................................................................................................................15个缩写.......................................................................................................................16第1章：.........................................................................................概述24 1.1概述....................................................................................................................251.2染色质结构......................................................................................................................26 1.2.1 DNA................................................................................................的分层包装26 1.2.2常染色质和异染色质...........................................................................................28 1.2.3核小体.............................................................................................................................30 1.2.4组蛋白变异体.......................................................................................................................32 1.2.5染色质重塑..............................................................................................................32 1.3组蛋白修饰...................................................................................................................33 1.3.1一般信息..................................................................................................................33 1.3.2 lysines................................................................................................................的乙酰化36 1.3.2.1.........................................................................................................的作用机制36 1.3.2.2组蛋白乙酰转移酶................................................................................................37 1.3.2.3组蛋白脱乙酰酶........................................................................................................40种1.3.2.4组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂..........................................................................................44 1.3.3赖氨酸...............................................................................................................甲基化48 1.3.3.1作用机制.........................................................................................................48 1.3.3.2 H3K4甲基化..............................................................................................................50 1.3.3.3 H3K27甲基化和多梳系统........................................................................51 1.3.3.4 H3K9甲基化和异染色质蛋白1............................................................55 1.4表观基因调控的其他机制....................................................................61 1.4.1DNA甲基化......................................................................................................................61 1.4.2 RNA干扰介导的基因沉默.............................................................................611.5异染色质.......................................................................................................扩散的位置效应及控制机制.62 1.5.1位置效果杂色........................................................................................................62 1.5.2常染色质和异染色质........................................................之间的竞争

................................................................................................................................................. 3 Publication ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Dedication .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. 6 List of contents ..................................................................................................................................... 7 List of figures ...................................................................................................................................... 12 List of tables ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 24 1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 25 1.2 Chromatin structure ...................................................................................................................... 26 1.2.1 Hierarchical packaging of DNA ................................................................................................ 26 1.2.2 Euchromatin and heterochromatin ........................................................................................... 28 1.2.3 Nucleosome ............................................................................................................................. 30 1.2.4 Histone variants ....................................................................................................................... 32 1.2.5 Chromatin remodeling .............................................................................................................. 32 1.3 Histone Modifications ................................................................................................................... 33 1.3.1 General information .................................................................................................................. 33 1.3.2 Acetylation of lysines................................................................................................................ 36 1.3.2.1 Mechanism of action ......................................................................................................... 36 1.3.2.2 Histone acetyltransferases ................................................................................................ 37 1.3.2.3 Histone deacetylases ........................................................................................................ 40 1.3.2.4 Histone deacetylase inhibitors .......................................................................................... 44 1.3.3 Methylation of lysines ............................................................................................................... 48 1.3.3.1 Mechanism of action ......................................................................................................... 48 1.3.3.2 H3K4 methylation .............................................................................................................. 50 1.3.3.3 H3K27 methylation and polycomb system ........................................................................ 51 1.3.3.4 H3K9 methylation and heterochromatin protein 1 ............................................................ 55 1.4 Other mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation .................................................................... 61 1.4.1 DNA methylation ...................................................................................................................... 61 1.4.2 RNA interference mediated gene silencing ............................................................................. 61 1.5 Lessons from position effect variegation and control mechanisms against the spreading of heterochromatin .................................................................................................................................. 62 1.5.1 Position effect variegation ........................................................................................................ 62 1.5.2 Competition between euchromatin and heterochromatin ........................................................ 64

Heterochromatin effects in Friedreich's ataxia and sexual dimorphism

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