Mejoramiento genético del frijol rojo y negro mesoamericano para Centroamérica y El Caribe
Mejoramiento genético del frijol rojo y negro mesoamericano para Centroamérica y El Caribe
复制标题
中美洲和加勒比地区红弗里霍尔和中美洲黑人的遗传
DOI：
10.15517/am.v11i2.17305
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Flores
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Rosas;A. Castro;E. Flores
为中美洲和加勒比地区培育黑、红中美洲豆。中美洲的豆类生产主要是在希尔赛德和边缘地区的小型农场作业，受到若干生物和非生物制约因素的限制。在近50万公顷的土地上生产了35万吨以上的豆类，平均产量为678公斤/公顷。大多数豆类生产者使用低投入，机械化农场很少。自动消费相当高;然而，很大一部分咖啡豆是通过中间商出售的。在洪都拉斯，豆类是经济价值第七大的作物，在玉米、水稻和高粱中经济回报最高。在中美洲的主要市场类别是小红和黑（种族中美洲）豆。这些豆类类型的改良集中在发展对疾病（普通花叶、金色花叶、炭疽病、角斑病、锈病、网枯病和普通细菌性枯萎病）和害虫（主要是豆荚象鼻虫）的抗性;以及对低肥力、干旱和高温的耐受性。利用适当的杂交和选择程序来开发多重抗性、高产、适应性好和商业上可接受的品种。广泛的遗传基础是通过在杂交阶段使用安第斯和中美洲的种质资源来完成的。实行多性状同时选择和高代品系多点测定。向中美洲、墨西哥、巴拿马和加勒比国家分发了产量和适应性苗圃以及改良品系的试验。国家豆类计划和机构、PROFRIJOL区域计划的成员与Zamorano、CIAT和豆类/豇豆CRSP合作，对先进品系进行测试，并进行农场验证和品种发布。
Breeding of the black and red Mesoamerican beans for Central America and the Caribbean. Bean production in Central America is mainly a small farm operation on hillside, marginal areas, limited by several biotic and abiotic constraints. More than 350,000 t of beans are produced in nearly 0.5 millions of hectareas, with a rather low yield average of 678 kg/ha. The majority of bean producers utilize low inputs and few farms are mechanized. Autoconsumption is rather high; however, a great portion of the beans is sold by intermediaries. In Honduras, beans are the 7th most important crop in economic value, and has the highest economic return among corn, rice and sorghum. The major market classes in Central America are small red and black (race Mesoamerican) beans. Improvement of these bean types is focused in developing resistance to diseases (common mosaic, golden mosaic, anthracnose, angular leaf spot, rust, web blight, and common bacterial blight) and pests (mainly pod weevil); and tolerance to low fertility, drought and heat. Appropriate hybridization and selection programs are utilized for developing multiple resistant, high yielding, well adapted and commercially accepted cultivars. A broad genetic base is accomplished by using Andean and Mesoamerican sources of germplasm in the hybridization stage. Simultaneous selection for various traits and multilocation testing of advanced lines are practiced. Yield and adaptation nurseries and trials of improved lines are distributed to Central America, Mexico, Panama and Caribbean countries. Testing of advanced lines and on-farm validation and varietal release, are carried out by National Bean Programs and institutions, members of the PROFRIJOL regional program, in collaboration with Zamorano, CIAT and the Bean/Cowpea CRSP.