The case against smokeless tobacco: five facts for the health professional to consider.
The case against smokeless tobacco: five facts for the health professional to consider.
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反对无烟烟草的案例：卫生专业人员需要考虑的五个事实。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Christen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Christen
吸鼻烟和嚼烟草在美国迅速流行起来。它们正通过大众媒体广告大力推广。在广播、电视和印刷媒体上的广告点使用著名的体育名人和演艺人员作为无烟烟草的代言人。尽管这些社会接受的审美缺陷。这至少部分是通过烟草业巧妙地操纵公众来实现的。无烟烟草的使用正在迅速增加，特别是在年轻的男运动员和高中和大学学生中。广告暗示无烟烟草习惯是无害和安全的。他们不是。无烟烟草产品已经显示出潜在的致癌性，包括口腔癌、咽癌、喉癌和食道癌。对医学和牙科文献的回顾表明，646例癌症与无烟烟草直接相关。无烟烟草可对口腔的软硬组织产生重大影响，包括口臭、牙齿变色和脱牙、牙齿的切面和咬合面过度磨损（磨损）、味觉和味觉能力下降、牙龈萎缩、软硬组织的晚期牙周破坏、软组织红斑、白斑病和癌症。敦促卫生专业人员向病人说明使用无烟烟草的危害，并采取强烈的公开立场，反对目前针对青年的广告宣传。专业人士应要求无烟烟草产品在包装上和广告文案上印上健康警告标签。最后，应该教病人如何识别软组织和硬组织破裂的迹象。
Snuff dipping and tobacco chewing are rapidly gaining popularity in the United States. They are being heavily promoted through mass media advertising. Advertising spots on radio, television, and in the printed media use well-known sports personalities and entertainers to act as spokesmen for smokeless tobacco. Despite the esthetic drawbacks of these social acceptance. This is being accomplished, at least in part, through a skillful manipulation of the public by the tobacco industry. Use of smokeless tobacco is rapidly increasing, especially among young male athletes and students in high school and college. Advertising implies that smokeless tobacco habits are innocuous and safe. They are not. Smokeless tobacco products have shown that potential for causing cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and eophagus. A review of the medical and dental literature has shown 646 cases of cancer associated directly with smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco can produce significant effects on the soft and hard tissues of the mouth, including bad breath, discolored teeth and restorations, excessive wear (abrasion) of the incisal and occlusal surfaces of the teeth, decreased ability to taste and small, gingival recession, advanced periodontal destruction of the soft and hard tissues, erythema of the soft tissues, leukoplakia, and cancer. Health professionals are urged to advise their patients concerning the hazards of using smokeless tobacco and to take a strong public stance in opposition to the current advertising campaigns aimed at youth. The professions should demand that smokeless tobacco products print health warning labels on the packages and in advertising copy. Finally, patients should be taught how to recognize signs of breakdown of the soft and hard tissues.