Does RNA editing compensate for Alu invasion of the primate genome?
Does RNA editing compensate for Alu invasion of the primate genome?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/bies.201400163
复制
发表时间：
2015-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Eisenberg, Eli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levanon, Erez Y.;Eisenberg, Eli
灵长类基因组的显著特征之一是Alu元素，这是一种重复的短散布元素，其高度相似的拷贝超过100万个，占基因组的10%。这一特征的直接结果是灵长类动物的转录组高度富含稳定的长dsRNA结构，这是作用于RNA的腺苷脱氨酶(ADAR)的首选靶标，腺苷脱氨酶是催化A-to-I RNA编辑的酶。事实上，由ADAR进行的A-to-I编辑在灵长类动物中极其丰富：它们的基因组中存在超过1亿个编辑位点。然而，尽管ADAR目标环境发生了根本性的变化，但在哺乳动物中保存下来的基本编辑站点很少，它们保持了编辑水平。在这里，我们回顾和讨论拥有异常数量的dsRNA和转录组中的编辑的成本，以及它带来的机会，这可能有助于灵长类的加速进化。
One of the distinctive features of the primate genome is the Alu element, a repetitive short interspersed element, over a million highly similar copies of which account for >10% of the genome. A direct consequence of this feature is that primates' transcriptome is highly enriched in long stable dsRNA structures, the preferred target of adenosine deaminases acting on RNAs (ADARs), which are the enzymes catalyzing A-to-I RNA editing. Indeed, A-to-I editing by ADARs is extremely abundant in primates: over a hundred million editing sites exist in their genomes. However, there are few essential editing sites conserved across mammals that have maintained their editing level despite the radical change in ADAR target landscape. Here, we review and discuss the cost of having an unusual amount of dsRNA and editing in the transcriptome, as well as the opportunities it presents, which might have contributed to the accelerated evolution of the primates.