Indigenous peoples' fisheries and food security: a case from northern Canada
Indigenous peoples' fisheries and food security: a case from northern Canada
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DOI：
10.1007/s12571-016-0594-6
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Berkes, Fikret
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Islam, Durdana;Berkes, Fikret
加拿大北部的土著人民(至少是人口中的非保留地部分)经历粮食不安全的比率是所有加拿大家庭的两倍多。位于马尼托巴省北部的挪威之家的克里社区收获和消费了大量的鱼类，可能是一个例外，可能会提供一些经验教训。该文件的目的是从北部土著社区的当地渔业的角度来处理粮食安全问题，包括商业渔业和自给自足渔业，并制定一种综合办法来分析粮食安全。该方法使用了森的权利理论和粮食主权的概念。这项混合方法的研究采用了对保护区内商业和自给自足渔户的问卷调查、半结构化访谈、焦点小组讨论和后续访谈进行验证。在商业捕鱼季节(春/夏和秋)，渔民和他们的助手通过他们的家庭和社区网络广泛分享他们的渔获，惠及社区总人口的近一半。如此广泛的分享和持续的社区渔业使挪威之家有90%以上的食物安全家庭，与加拿大的平均水平相当。挪威之家可以为其他北方土著社区提供一个例子，说明使用鱼类和其他传统食物造成的粮食不安全问题。拟议的综合办法可能有助于从总体上分析粮食安全。
Indigenous peoples in northern Canada (at least the off-reserve part of the population) experience food insecurity at a rate which is more than double that of all Canadian households. The Cree community of Norway House in northern Manitoba, which harvests and consumes a great deal of fish, may be an exception and may offer some lessons. The objective of the paper is to address food security through the lens of local fisheries, both commercial and subsistence, of a northern indigenous community, and to develop an integrated approach to analyze food security. The approach uses Sen's entitlement theory and the concept of food sovereignty. This mixed-methods research study employed questionnaire surveys among on-reserve commercial and subsistence fishing households, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and follow-up interviews for verification. During commercial fishing seasons (spring/summer and fall), fishers and their helpers share their fish harvest extensively through their families and communal networks, reaching almost half of the total population of the community. Such extensive sharing and the continuing community-based fishery have contributed to Norway House having more than 90 % food secure households, comparable to the Canadian average. Norway House may provide an example for other northern indigenous communities regarding food insecurity through use of fish and other traditional foods. The proposed integrated approach may be useful for analyzing food security in general.