The role of lipids in host microbe interactions
The role of lipids in host microbe interactions
复制标题
DOI：
10.2741/4559
复制
发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Mattner, Jochen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lang, Roland;Mattner, Jochen
脂质是主要的亚细胞成分之一，在各种生物体中充当信号分子、能量来源、代谢前体和结构膜组分。脂质的功能可以通过多种生物化学过程如（去）磷酸化或（去）糖基化来修饰，并且脂肪酸组织成不同的细胞池和亚细胞区室对于各种细胞群的形态和功能起着关键作用。因此，脂质调节例如宿主细胞内的吞噬体形成和成熟，并且因此对于微生物病原体的消除是关键的。反之亦然，微生物病原体可以操纵宿主细胞中吞噬体膜的脂质组成，从而避免将其递送至吞噬溶酶体。微生物来源的脂质也属于最强和最通用的哺乳动物免疫应答的诱导剂，在髓样和淋巴样细胞上的不同受体的接合后。此外，微生物脂质毒素可诱导膜损伤和细胞死亡。因此，我们将在这里审查选定的例子相互宿主微生物相互作用的脂质在微生物防御，组织损伤和免疫逃避的广泛和不同的宇宙。
Lipids are one of the major subcellular constituents and serve as signal molecules, energy sources, metabolic precursors and structural membrane components in various organisms. The function of lipids can be modified by multiple biochemical processes such as (de-) phosphorylation or (de-) glycosylation, and the organization of fatty acids into distinct cellular pools and subcellular compartments plays a pivotal role for the morphology and function of various cell populations. Thus, lipids regulate, for example, phagosome formation and maturation within host cells and thus, are critical for the elimination of microbial pathogens. Vice versa, microbial pathogens can manipulate the lipid composition of phagosomal membranes in host cells, and thus avoid their delivery to phagolysosomes. Lipids of microbial origin belong also to the strongest and most versatile inducers of mammalian immune responses upon engagement of distinct receptors on myeloid and lymphoid cells. Furthermore, microbial lipid toxins can induce membrane injuries and cell death. Thus, we will review here selected examples for mutual host-microbe interactions within the broad and divergent universe of lipids in microbial defense, tissue injury and immune evasion.