Aerial flocking patterns of wintering starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, under different predation risk
Aerial flocking patterns of wintering starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, under different predation risk
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.08.034
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Alleva, Enrico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carere, Claudio;Montanino, Simona;Alleva, Enrico
为了验证空中集群行为的变化与捕食风险相适应的假设，我们描述并量化了接近两个捕食压力不同的城市栖息地的八哥的集群模式(由游隼、猎鹰)。我们预测，其中一个栖息地中较高的捕食压力将反映在更大、更紧凑的鸟群中，被认为比小鸟群更不容易被捕食。在冬季观察了53天，没有受到直接攻击的进入的羊群。我们确定了12个成群的形状。在捕食压力较高的栖息地，密集群和大型群的出现频率较高，而在捕食压力较低的栖息地，小群和独生子的出现频率较高。当其他鸟群表现出反捕食者行为时，在两个栖息地都观察到了类似的模式，即使在很远的地方，在局部栖息地没有捕食者的情况下也是如此。这可能表明群体间传递的社会信息会影响群体决策。捕食率低的栖息地捕食成功率较高。这些结果表明，空中蜂群模式受到捕食风险的影响，也可能受到其他蜂群对直接攻击的反应行为的影响。(C)2008年动物行为研究协会。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
To test the hypothesis that variation in aerial flocking behaviour is adaptively related to predation risk, we described and quantified the flocking patterns of starlings, approaching two urban roosts, which differed in predation pressure ( by peregrine falcons, Falco peregrinus). We predicted that the higher predation pressure in one of the roosts would be reflected in larger and more compact flocks, thought to be less vulnerable to predation than small flocks. Incoming flocks, not under direct attack, were observed during winter for 53 days. We identified 12 flocking shapes. Significantly higher frequencies of compact and large flocks were observed in the roost with high predation pressure, while small flocks and singletons were more frequent at the roost with low predation pressure. Similar patterns were observed in both roosts when other flocks displayed antipredator behaviour, even when far away and in the absence of the predator at the focal roost. This may indicate that social information passed between flocks affects flocking decisions. Predation success was higher at the roost with low predation. These results suggest that aerial flocking patterns are affected by predation risk and possibly by the behaviour of other flocks in response to direct attacks. (C) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.