Mountain Waves, Downslope Winds, and Low-Level Blocking Forced by a Midlatitude Cyclone Encountering an Isolated Ridge
Mountain Waves, Downslope Winds, and Low-Level Blocking Forced by a Midlatitude Cyclone Encountering an Isolated Ridge
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中纬度气旋遇到孤立山脊所造成的山浪、下坡风和低空阻挡
DOI：
10.1175/jas-d-16-0092.1
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Durran, Dale R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Menchaca, Maximo Q.;Durran, Dale R.
利用数值模拟研究了一个中纬度气旋与孤立的南北山脉障碍物的相互作用。一个典型的气旋发展从一个孤立的扰动在斜压不稳定的切变流的脊上游，产生冷锋，强烈的相互作用与地形。分析了地形发射的背风波的结构和演变，包括背风波的时间和沿脊沿着的南北变化。典型的山波模式是由500米高的山产生的，但这些波往往表现出显着的差异，从2D或3D模拟中产生的波与稳定的大规模流结构对应的瞬时条件在山上不断变化的流。当山的高度是2公里，大量的波破碎发生，无论是在低层次的背风面和平流层下部。尽管地形剖面南北一致，但波浪结构和下坡风的南北变化很明显。特别是冷锋越过高压脊上游向南移动后的24 h内，强下坡风只出现在高压脊背风面的北方。在此之前，冷锋穿越北方背风坡的运动是复杂的，并伴随着强烈的下坡风和强烈的垂直速度。
The interaction of a midlatitude cyclone with an isolated north–south mountain barrier is examined using numerical simulation. A prototypical cyclone develops from an isolated disturbance in a baroclinically unstable shear flow upstream of the ridge, producing a cold front that interacts strongly with the topography. The structure and evolution of the lee waves launched by the topography are analyzed, including their temporal and their north–south variation along the ridge. Typical mountain wave patterns are generated by a 500-m-high mountain, but these waves often exhibit significant differences from the waves produced in 2D or 3D simulations with steady large-scale-flow structures corresponding to the instantaneous conditions over the mountain in the evolving flow. When the mountain height is 2 km, substantial wave breaking occurs, both at low levels in the lee and in the lower stratosphere. Despite the north–south uniformity of the terrain profile, large north–south variations are apparent in wave structure and downslope winds. In particular, for a 24-h period beginning after the cold front passes the upstream side of the ridge toward the south, strong downslope winds occur only in the northern half of the lee of the ridge. Just prior to this period, the movement of the cold front across the northern lee slopes is complex and accompanied by a burst of strong downslope winds and intense vertical velocities.
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