Locating Responsible Research and Innovation Within Access and Benefit Sharing Spaces of the Convention on Biological Diversity: the Challenge of Emerging Technologies
Locating Responsible Research and Innovation Within Access and Benefit Sharing Spaces of the Convention on Biological Diversity: the Challenge of Emerging Technologies
复制标题
在《生物多样性公约》的获取和惠益分享空间中定位负责任的研究和创新：新兴技术的挑战
DOI：
10.1007/s11569-016-0268-z
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
R. Wynberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Laird;R. Wynberg
本文回顾了负责任的研究和创新（RRI）方法在生物多样性公约（CBD）和名古屋议定书的获取和惠益分享（ABS）政策空间中的定位。我们描述了一系列关于伦理研究实践的对话如何几乎不经意地在获取和惠益分享政策过程中找到了归宿。然而，最近围绕新兴技术的 RRI 对话并未同样被纳入 ABS 政策，部分原因是 ABS 的原始框架以及相关的定义和范围问题。考虑到当今科学技术变革的变革性和快速性，包括新兴的合成生物学领域，给这些政策进程带来的挑战。借鉴监管获取和惠益分享的经验，我们强调，将 RRI 纳入合成生物学等新的、正在出现的或鲜为人知的活动的政策面临着政府能力限制、管辖权混乱、资金短缺和缺乏战略方法等缺陷。我们的结论是，《生物多样性公约》内不同政策进程的协调组合可能为 RRI 就社会正义、可持续性、生物安全以及新兴技术引发的其他问题进行对话提供宝贵的空间。
This paper reviews the location of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approaches within the access and benefit sharing (ABS) policy spaces of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Nagoya Protocol. We describe how a range of dialogues on ethical research practices found a home, almost inadvertently, within the ABS policy process. However, more recent RRI dialogues around emerging technologies have not been similarly absorbed into ABS policy, due in part to the original framing of ABS and associated definitional and scope issues. Consideration is given to the challenges posed to these policy processes by the transformative and rapid nature of scientific and technological change today, including the emerging field of synthetic biology. Drawing on experiences from regulating ABS, we emphasize that the integration of RRI into policies for new, emerging, or poorly understood activities such as synthetic biology faces deficiencies such as limits to government capacity, jurisdictional confusion, shortages in funds, and an absence of strategic approaches. We conclude that a coordinated combination of diverse policy processes within the CBD might provide an invaluable space for RRI dialogues on social justice, sustainability, biosafety, and other issues raised by emerging technologies.