An Idealized Physical Model for the Severe Convective Storm Environmental Sounding

An Idealized Physical Model for the Severe Convective Storm Environmental Sounding
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强对流风暴环境探测的理想物理模型

DOI:
10.1175/jas-d-20-0120.1
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Dawson II, Daniel T.
Dawson II, Daniel T.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chavas, Daniel R.;Dawson II, Daniel T.

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这项工作发展了一个理论模型,稳定的热力学和运动学配置文件的强对流风暴环境,建立了两层静态能量框架中的工作Agard和伊曼纽尔。该模型是在静态能量方面措辞,它允许独立的变化的边界层和自由对流层分离的一个封顶反演。提出了一种将该模式应用于强对流风暴数值模拟的探空生成算法,并与Weisman和Klemp模式进行了比较。然后,该模型适合于与1999年5月3日龙卷风爆发的案例研究探空,其潜在的效用是通过理想化的数值模拟实验证明。用历史探测成功地模拟了一个长寿命的超级单体,而用类似的理论探测则没有。然后进行两种类型的示例实验,模拟一个长寿命的超级单体:1)半理论实验,其中一部分的理论探测被修改,以匹配真实的探测(低层湿度); 2)一个完全的理论实验,其中模型的物理参数被修改(自由对流层相对湿度)。总的来说,这个最小模型的构造是灵活的,并且可以根据需要进行额外的修改。该模型提供了一个新的框架,可能是有用的测试如何严重的对流风暴取决于流体静力环境的垂直结构,以及在这些环境中的可变性的物理过程,产生它们在气候系统内。
This work develops a theoretical model for steady thermodynamic and kinematic profiles for severe convective storm environments, building off the two-layer static energy framework developed in work by Agard and Emanuel. The model is phrased in terms of static energy, and it allows for independent variation of the boundary layer and free troposphere separated by a capping inversion. An algorithm is presented to apply the model to generate a sounding for numerical simulations of severe convective storms, and the model is compared and contrasted with that of Weisman and Klemp. The model is then fit to a case-study sounding associated with the 3 May 1999 tornado outbreak, and its potential utility is demonstrated via idealized numerical simulation experiments. A long-lived supercell is successfully simulated with the historical sounding but not the analogous theoretical sounding. Two types of example experiments are then performed that do simulate a long-lived supercell: 1) a semitheoretical experiment in which a portion of the theoretical sounding is modified to match the real sounding (low-level moisture); 2) a fully theoretical experiment in which a model physical parameter is modified (free-tropospheric relative humidity). Overall, the construction of this minimal model is flexible and amenable to additional modifications as needed. The model offers a novel framework that may be useful for testing how severe convective storms depend on the vertical structure of the hydrostatic environment, as well as for linking variability in these environments to the physical processes that produce them within the climate system.
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