Parental investment and the control of sexual selection: can sperm competition affect the direction of sexual competition?
Parental investment and the control of sexual selection: can sperm competition affect the direction of sexual competition?
复制标题
亲代投资与性选择的控制：精子竞争会影响性竞争的方向吗？
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1996.0078
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Parker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Simmons;G. Parker
我们研究了在每个雌性生殖周期只有一次交配的情况下，精子竞争对两性的潜在生殖率（PRRS）的影响：如果所有的精子都是从最近一次交配中使用的，则可能没有精子竞争，或者如果射精在几个卵群中暂时重叠，则可能没有精子竞争。精子竞争本身不会影响雄性PRR，尽管由于精子竞争而对雄性时间预算进行适应性调整可以改变雄性PRR。在一个物种中，精子竞争增加的最明显影响将是雄性在寻找配偶活动之外的时间普遍增加，因为在精子竞争下，由于对精子的需求增加，雄性在配子补充上花费了更多的时间。这将减少男性的PRR，但这可能不会产生很大的影响，因为精子补充的时间通常只占男性总时间预算的一小部分。在存在父系抚育的物种中，精子竞争风险高的物种可能会减少这种抚育，这反过来又可能增加雄性PRR。在同一物种中，雄性与不同雌性之间的精子竞争水平的变化也可能促进时间（用于精子补充或父亲照顾）的同时性最优，这可能会影响雄性的PRR，尽管不太明显，因为平均PRR可能不会受到适应性变化的很大影响。
We investigate the effect of sperm competition on potential reproductive rates (PRRS) of the sexes for the case where there is just one mating per female reproductive cycle: there may be no sperm competition if all the sperm are used from the immediate prior mating, or sperm competition if ejaculates overlap temporally across several clutches. Sperm competition per se cannot affect male PRR, though adaptive adjustments to the male time budget because of sperm competition can change male PRR. The most obvious effect of increased sperm competition in a species would be a general increase in male time out of mate searching activity because of greater time expenditure on gamete replenishment, arising from the heavier sperm demand under sperm competition. This would act to reduce male PRR, but this may not be a large effect because time out for sperm replenishment is often a low fraction of total male time budget. Where there is paternal care, this may be reduced in species were there is high sperm competition risk, which in turn may generally increase male PRR. Variations in the levels of sperm competition experienced by males with different females within a species may also promote facultative optima for times out (spent in sperm replenishment or in paternal care) which may affect male PRR, though less obviously, because the mean PRR may not be greatly affected by adaptive variation.