The impact of trade liberalization on productivity distribution under the presence of technology diffusion and innovation
The impact of trade liberalization on productivity distribution under the presence of technology diffusion and innovation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103396
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Keiichi Kishi;K. Okada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keiichi Kishi;K. Okada
我们建立了一个企业生产率受技术扩散和创新影响的国际贸易模型，该模型产生了内生的帕累托生产率分布。市场的新进入者随机地寻找和遇见现有的参与者，然后采用他们现有的技术，这被认为是技术扩散。现有企业采用新开发的前沿技术，这被认为是创新。生产率分布对贸易自由化的内生响应取决于现有企业的创新频率是高还是低。在创新频率较低的经济体中，贸易自由化提高了帕累托指数和退出切断生产率水平。这个较高的帕累托指数将生产率分布的权重从上尾区域转移到新的生产率下限附近的区域，从而产生生产率损失。通过提高退出切断生产率而获得的主导生产率提高了所有企业的平均生产率。然而，在创新频率较高的经济体中，贸易自由化会适度增加或降低帕累托指数和退出切断生产率水平。减少的帕累托指数通过积累高生产率的在职者来产生生产率的提高。然而，总的来说，由于出口切断生产率的适度增加或减少，贸易自由化对所有公司的平均生产率产生较弱的生产率收益或生产率损失。因此，在创新频率高的经济体中，贸易带来的福利收益要小于创新频率低的经济体。
We develop an international trade model in which firms' productivity is affected by technology diffusion and innovation, and the model generates an endogenous Pareto productivity distribution. Each new entrant to the market randomly searches for and meets incumbents and then adopts their existing technology, which is considered technology diffusion. The incumbents adopt the newly developed frontier technology, which is considered innovation. The endogenous response of the productivity distribution to trade liberalization differs depending on whether the incumbents possess a high or low frequency of innovation. In an economy with a low frequency of innovation, trade liberalization increases both the Pareto exponent and the exit-cutoff productivity level. This higher Pareto exponent shifts the weight of the productivity distribution from the upper-tail area to the area around the new lower productivity bound, which generates productivity losses. The dominant productivity gains through the increasing of exit-cutoff productivity increase average productivity across all firms. However, in an economy with a high frequency of innovation, trade liberalization increases moderately or decreases both the Pareto exponent and the exit-cutoff productivity level. The reduced Pareto exponent generates productivity gains by accumulating highly productive incumbents. In total, however, trade liberalization generates weaker productivity gains or productivity losses on average productivity across all firms due to the moderately increased or reduced exit-cutoff productivity. Consequently, the welfare gains from trade are smaller in economies with high frequency of innovation than in those with low frequency.