Where does HIV hide? A focus on the central nervous system.
Where does HIV hide? A focus on the central nervous system.
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DOI：
10.1097/coh.0b013e32835fc601
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Nath A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Churchill M;Nath A
回顾有关HIV在脑内感染和演变的文献，以了解脑储库的性质及其后果。大脑中的HIV-1可以在巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞内的单独隔室中进化。病毒适应大脑环境感染这些细胞，并且几乎在病毒的所有基因中都可以发现脑特异性突变。病毒进化成更具神经毒性。大脑是艾滋病毒的理想储存库。大脑是一个相对免疫特权的部位，血脑屏障阻止了抗逆转录病毒药物的容易获得。此外，病毒感染常驻巨噬细胞和星形胶质细胞，它们是长寿细胞，并在这些细胞中引起最小的细胞病理学。因此，当我们着手制定从外周宿主中根除病毒的策略时，我们必须密切关注大脑中的病毒，并制定将其保持在潜伏状态的策略，否则可能导致可怕的后果。
To review the literature on infection and evolution of HIV within the brain in the context for understanding the nature of the brain reservoir and its consequences. HIV-1 in the brain can evolve in separate compartments within macrophage/microglia and astrocytes. The virus adapts to the brain environment to infect these cells and brain-specific mutations can be found in nearly all genes of the virus. The virus evolves to become more neurovirulent. The brain is an ideal reservoir for the HIV. The brain is a relatively immune privileged site and the blood–brain barrier prevents easy access to antiretroviral drugs. Further, the virus infects resident macrophages and astrocytes which are long-lived cells and causes minimal cytopathology in these cells. Hence as we move towards developing strategies for eradication of the virus from the peripheral reservoirs, it is critical that we pay close attention to the virus in the brain and develop strategies for maintaining it in a latent state failure of which could result in dire consequences.