Parasite fauna of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Uganda
Parasite fauna of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Uganda
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DOI：
10.1007/s00436-011-2491-4
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Schiemer, Fritz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akoll, Peter;Konecny, Robert;Schiemer, Fritz
2008年进行了一次密集的寄生虫调查，以更好地了解乌干达商业水产养殖鱼种中寄生虫区系的出现、分布和多样性。使用常规寄生虫学技术对从孵化场和养殖系统收集的265条鱼进行了寄生虫检查。调查发现了17种寄生虫：11种来自尼罗罗非鱼，10种来自加勒比亚鱼。4种寄生虫--巨棘单甲藻、单胞藻、游动单胞藻。和AmPhilinidae科的一名成员--这是该国首次记录。不同寄主之间的寄生虫多样性相似，尼罗罗非线虫以自由生活期传播的寄生虫为主，但数量较少，而营养期传播的寄生虫和自由生活期传播的寄生虫在加里皮纳梭子蟹中的分布强度相当高。两种寄主的寄生虫数量和组成的模式反映了鱼类栖息地使用和饮食的不同。在两种寄主中都记录到寄生虫组成的转变，从小型鱼类中以单氧类为主的群落向大型鱼类中异氧类为主的群落转变。这与个体发育的摄食变化和长期接触寄生虫有关。混合培养系统对寄生虫的强度和组成没有影响。这些鳃被高度寄生，主要是由原生动物和单胞虫寄生。一般而言，这些鱼种中寄生虫的出现和多样性突出了在拟议的集约化水产养殖系统中爆发疾病的可能性。这需要提高潜在养殖者、服务提供者和研究人员对鱼类健康管理的认识。
An intensive parasite survey was conducted in 2008 to better understand the parasite fauna occurrence, distribution and diversity in the commercial aquaculture fish species in Uganda. A total of 265 fish collected from hatcheries and grow-out systems were examined for parasites using routine parasitological techniques. The survey yielded 17 parasite species: 11 from Oreochromis niloticus and ten from Clarias gariepinus. Four parasites-Amirthalingamia macracantha, Monobothrioides sp., Zoogonoides sp. and a member of the family Amphilinidae-were recorded for the first time in the country. The parasite diversity was similar between hosts; however, O. niloticus was dominated by free-living stage-transmitted parasites in lower numbers, whereas both trophically and free-living stage-transmitted parasites were equally represented in C. gariepinus in relatively high intensities. The patterns in parasite numbers and composition in the two hosts reflect differences in fish habitat use and diet. A shift in parasite composition from monoxenous species-dominated communities in small-sized fish to heteroxenous in large fishes was recorded in both hosts. This was linked to ontogenetic feeding changes and prolonged exposure to parasites. Polyculture systems showed no effect on parasite intensity and composition. The gills were highly parasitized, mainly by protozoans and monogeneans. Generally, the occurrence and diversity of parasites in these fish species highlight the likelihood of disease outbreak in the proposed intensive aquaculture systems. This calls for raising awareness in fish health management among potential farmers, service providers and researchers.