Sense and Avoid Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using a Target Level of Safety Approach
Sense and Avoid Requirements for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Using a Target Level of Safety Approach
复制标题
使用目标安全级别方法感知和避免无人机系统的要求
DOI：
10.1111/risa.12200
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hernando Jimenez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Melnyk;D. Schrage;V. Volovoi;Hernando Jimenez
将无人机系统（UAS）完全集成到国家空域系统（NAS）中的最关键挑战之一是要求遵守CFR 14第91.113部分，以“看到并避开”其他飞机。已经进行了各种尝试，以开发系统来“感知和避免”其他飞机，以便UAS能够遵守该法规的意图。本文提出了一个框架，以制定任何SAA系统的有效性要求，将无人机系统的特点和运行环境，以空中碰撞风险量化的死亡率。该框架由使用事件树格式的目标安全级别（TLS）方法组成。安全已被确定为UAS集成过程中最重要的考虑因素。虽然安全可以用多种方式定义，但作者建议使用遵循行业中使用的其他统计数据的死亡率指标。该指标允许使用TLS方法来制定系统认证的SAA要求。未能将系统要求与安全性充分联系起来可能会导致SAA系统的实施无法充分缓解与UAS操作相关的风险或过度设计，从而导致成本和复杂性增加。本文演示了使用所提出的框架来开发基于UAS重量和空域类别组合的特定SAA有效性标准。
One of the most critical challenges to full integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS) is the requirement to comply with CFR 14 Part 91.113 to “see and avoid” other aircraft. Various attempts have been made to develop systems to “sense and avoid” other aircraft so UAS can comply with the intent of the regulation. This article proposes a framework to develop effectiveness requirements for any SAA system by linking UAS characteristics and operating environments to midair collision risk quantified by a fatality rate. The framework consists of a target level of safety (TLS) approach using an event tree format. Safety has been identified as the most important consideration in the UAS integration process. While safety can be defined in many ways, the authors propose using a fatality rate metric that follows other statistics used in the industry. This metric allows for the use of a TLS approach to the development of SAA requirements for system certification. Failure to adequately link system requirements to safety could result in the implementation of SAA systems that either do not adequately mitigate the risk associated with UAS operations or are overdesigned, resulting in increased cost and complexity. This article demonstrates the use of the proposed framework to develop specific SAA effectiveness standards based on UAS weight and airspace class combinations.