Recent developments in epigenetics of acute and chronic kidney diseases.
Recent developments in epigenetics of acute and chronic kidney diseases.
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DOI：
10.1038/ki.2015.148
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发表时间：
2015-08
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Natarajan R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reddy MA;Natarajan R
肥胖和糖尿病的日益流行、人口老龄化以及药物滥用的普遍存在，导致密切相关的急性和慢性肾脏疾病，包括糖尿病肾病的发病率显著增加。此外，有证据表明，亲代行为和饮食可以通过表观遗传传递机制影响后代的表型。这些数据表明，环境对疾病易感性有很强的影响，除了遗传易感性外，还需要评估表观遗传机制，以获得有关肾脏疾病的重要新信息。表观遗传学是研究控制基因表达和表型的过程，而不改变潜在的DNA序列。表观遗传修饰，包括胞嘧啶DNA甲基化和染色质组蛋白的共价翻译后修饰是表观基因组的一部分，是稳定基因组和可变环境之间的界面。这个动态的表观遗传层响应外部环境线索，影响与疾病状态相关的基因表达。表观遗传学领域在过去几年中取得了显著的发展，在基础生物学、对人类疾病的贡献以及表观基因组学技术方面取得了重大进展。进一步了解肾细胞表观基因组是如何被代谢和其他刺激改变的，可以对肾脏疾病的发病机制产生新的见解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前关于表观遗传机制（主要是DNA和组蛋白修饰）在急慢性肾脏疾病中的作用的知识，以及它们的转化潜力，以确定急需的新疗法。
The growing epidemic of obesity and diabetes, the aging population as well as prevalence of drug abuse has led to significant increases in the rates of the closely associated acute and chronic kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, evidence shows that parental behavior and diet can affect the phenotype of subsequent generations via epigenetic transmission mechanisms. These data suggest a strong influence of the environment on disease susceptibility and that, apart from genetic susceptibility, epigenetic mechanisms need to be evaluated to gain critical new information about kidney diseases. Epigenetics is the study of processes that control gene expression and phenotype without alterations in the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications, including cytosine DNA methylation and covalent post translational modifications of histones in chromatin are part of the epigenome, the interface between the stable genome and the variable environment. This dynamic epigenetic layer responds to external environmental cues to influence the expression of genes associated with disease states. The field of epigenetics has seen remarkable growth in the past few years with significant advances in basic biology, contributions to human disease, as well as epigenomics technologies. Further understanding of how the renal cell epigenome is altered by metabolic and other stimuli can yield novel new insights into the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. In this review, we have discussed the current knowledge on the role of epigenetic mechanisms (primarily DNA me and histone modifications) in acute and chronic kidney diseases, and their translational potential to identify much needed new therapies.