Gallic acid: a versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications
Gallic acid: a versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications
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DOI：
10.1039/c5ra01911g
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kakkar, Rita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Badhani, Bharti;Sharma, Neha;Kakkar, Rita
氧化应激是自由基过度产生和积累的结果，是几种退行性疾病如癌症、动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、衰老和炎性疾病的主要原因。多酚形成一类重要的天然存在的抗氧化剂，具有无数的生物活性，例如抗癌、抗真菌、抗细菌、抗病毒、抗溃疡和抗胆固醇等。在各种多酚中，没食子酸（3，4，5-三羟基苯甲酸），一种天然存在的低分子量三酚化合物，已成为强抗氧化剂和有效的细胞凋亡诱导剂。从没食子酸的生物利用度和生物合成途径出发，本文综述了各种体外、体内和计算机模拟研究，提供了作用方式、自由基清除活性、抑制脂质过氧化、维持内源性防御系统和金属离子螯合的能力，沿着全面概述了其高抗氧化活性的因素。没食子酸衍生物也被发现在许多植物药中具有不同的生物学和药理学活性，包括清除自由基，干扰细胞信号传导途径和癌细胞凋亡。这种简单的多酚的各种应用是由于其抗氧化剂和促氧化剂潜力之间的良好混合物。本文综述了没食子酸及其衍生物的这种双重行为的现有文献。其次是其潜在的临床和工业应用的帐户。
Oxidative stress, a result of an overproduction and accumulation of free radicals, is the leading cause of several degenerative diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, ageing and inflammatory diseases. Polyphenols form an important class of naturally occurring antioxidants, having innumerable biological activities such as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antiulcer and anticholesterol, to name a few. Among various polyphenols, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a naturally occurring low molecular weight triphenolic compound, has emerged as a strong antioxidant and an efficient apoptosis inducing agent. Starting from the bioavailability and the biosynthetic pathway of gallic acid, this review includes various in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies providing the mode of action, radical scavenging activity, ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, maintenance of endogenous defense systems and metal ion chelation by this triphenolic molecule, along with a comprehensive overview of factors responsible for its high antioxidant activity. Gallic acid derivatives have also been found in a number of phytomedicines with diverse biological and pharmacological activities, including radical scavenging, interfering with the cell signaling pathways and apoptosis of cancer cells. The diverse range of applications of this simple polyphenol is due to a fine amalgam between its antioxidant and prooxidant potential. The existing literature on this dual behavior of gallic acid and its derivatives is reviewed here. This is followed by an account of their potential clinical and industrial applications.