The cost of migratory prey: seasonal changes in semi‐domestic reindeer distribution influences breeding success of Eurasian lynx in northern Norway
The cost of migratory prey: seasonal changes in semi‐domestic reindeer distribution influences breeding success of Eurasian lynx in northern Norway
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迁徙猎物的成本：半家养驯鹿分布的季节变化影响挪威北部欧亚山猫的繁殖成功
DOI：
10.1111/oik.03374
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Odden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zea Walton;J. Mattisson;J. Linnell;A. Stien;J. Odden
迁徙猎物是一种普遍存在的现象，对捕食者-猎物相互作用有影响。由于季节之间的资源可用性存在很大的时间变化，食肉动物要确保全年定期的食物供应变得很有挑战性。一些捕食者可能会跟随它们的迁徙猎物，然而，大多数捕食者是久坐不动的，并且在资源可用性方面经历强烈的季节性变化。增加捕食替代猎物可能会抑制这种季节性的资源波动，但减少繁殖率的捕食者是一个预测的结果，迁移的主要猎物的行为，很少得到经验的关注。我们使用2007-2013年期间在挪威北方监测的23只GPS项圈欧亚猞猁猞猁的数据，研究半家养驯鹿Rangifer tarandus迁移行为的时空变化如何影响猞猁的空间组织和繁殖成功，估计季节性的家域重叠和繁殖成功。我们发现，猞猁的性别保持季节性稳定的家庭范围，并表现出跨年的网站保真度，独立于他们是否有机会获得驯鹿全年或经历了驯鹿在冬季由于迁移稀缺。然而，与全年都有驯鹿的雌性猞猁相比，冬季没有驯鹿的猞猁繁殖的可能性降低，小猫在第一个冬天的存活率也有下降的趋势。这支持了这样的假设，即定居的捕食者经历的人口成本系统迁移的主要猎物。有蹄类动物的迁移行为的变化，包括中断迁移，因此可能会有自下而上的影响，定居的捕食者的种群动态，以及以前记录的有蹄类动物种群动态的后果。
Migratory prey is a widespread phenomenon that has implications for predator–prey interactions. By creating large temporal variation in resource availability between seasons it becomes challenging for carnivores to secure a regular year-round supply of food. Some predators may respond by following their migratory prey, however, most predators are sedentary and experience strong seasonal variation in resource availability. Increased predation on alternative prey may dampen such seasonal resource fluctuations, but reduced reproduction rates in predators is a predicted consequence of migratory primary prey behavior that has received little empirical attention. We used data from 23 GPS collared Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx monitored during 2007–2013 in northern Norway, to examine how spatio-temporal variation in the migratory behavior of semi-domestic reindeer Rangifer tarandus influences lynx spatial organization and reproductive success using estimates of seasonal home range overlap and breeding success. We found that lynx of both sexes maintained seasonally stable home ranges and exhibited site fidelity across years, independent of whether they had access to reindeer throughout the year or experienced a scarcity of reindeer in winter due to migration. However, lynx without access to reindeer in winter showed a decreased probability of reproducing and a tendency for lowered kitten survival into their first winter, when compared to female lynx with reindeer available year around. This supports the hypothesis that sedentary predators experience demographic costs in systems with migratory primary prey. Changes in the migratory behavior of ungulates, including disrupted migrations, is therefore likely to have bottom–up effects on the population dynamics of sedentary predators as well as the previously documented consequences for ungulate population dynamics.