Comment: On the Concept of Snowball Sampling.

Comment: On the Concept of Snowball Sampling.
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评论:关于雪球抽样的概念。

DOI:
10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01243.x
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发表时间:
2011-08-01
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Gile KJ
Gile KJ
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Handcock MS;Gile KJ

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Goodman(2011)和Heckathorn(2011)对注释的需求反映了科学社会学中的一个现象:多学科领域往往会产生大量不一致的术语。通常,一个术语的含义会随着时间的推移而演变,或者同一个概念会使用不同的术语。更令人困惑的是对不同概念使用同一术语。正如这两个注释所指出的那样,“雪球抽样”一词受到了这种待遇,“雪球抽样”一词可能已经被非正式地使用了很长一段时间,但它肯定早于科尔曼(1958)和特罗(1957)。最早的系统性研究可以追溯到20世纪40年代,由保罗·拉扎斯菲尔德领导的哥伦比亚应用社会研究局。该局开始对通过媒体进行个人影响的实证研究感兴趣(巴顿,2001年)。这导致了对人际环境的考虑,以及对舆论领袖和追随者的识别。然而,在研究意见领袖和追随者之间的关系时,标准的个人抽样被认为是无效的,因为以这种方式相关的配对很少同时被选入样本(Lazarsfeld et al. 1944:49-50)。为了解决这个问题,罗伯特·默顿(Robert Merton)在最初的多元化样本中要求个人说出影响他们的人的名字。从这些,第二波有影响力的人接受采访,作为一个
The need for notes by Goodman (2011) and Heckathorn (2011) reflects a phenomenon in the sociology of science: that multidisciplinary fields tend to produce a plethora of inconsistent terminology. Often the meaning of a term evolves over time, or different terms are used for the same concept. More confusing is the use of the same term for different concepts. As the two notes point out, the term “snowball sampling” suffers from this treatment.The term “snowball sampling” has likely been in informal use for a long time, but it certainly predates Coleman (1958) and Trow (1957). The earliest systematic work dates to the 1940s from the Columbia Bureau of Applied Social Research, led by Paul Lazarsfeld. The bureau became interested in the empirical study of personal influence via media (Barton 2001). This led to the consideration of interpersonal environments and to the identification of opinion leaders and followers. However, standard sampling of individuals was regarded as ineffective in studying the relations between opinion leaders and followers as pairs related in this way were seldom both selected in the sample (Lazarsfeld et al. 1944: 49–50). To address this, Robert Merton asked individuals in an initial diverse sample to name the people who influenced them. From these, a second wave of influential people were interviewed as a
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