Indicators of occupational traumatism and mortality in employees of Russian State Fire Service (1996–2015)
Indicators of occupational traumatism and mortality in employees of Russian State Fire Service (1996–2015)
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俄罗斯国家消防局雇员职业创伤和死亡率指标（1996-2015）
DOI：
10.25016/2541-7487-2018-0-3-05-25
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. V. Kharin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Aleksanin;E. V. Bobrinev;V. Evdokimov;A. A. Kondashov;V. I. Sibirko;V. V. Kharin
相关性。消防员职业被认为是指极端活动，这些活动具有很高的健康障碍、伤害甚至死亡风险。意图——分析俄罗斯国家消防局（SFS）（1996-2004）和俄罗斯联邦消防局（2005-2015）员工20年的职业创伤和伤害死亡，并将这些数据与俄罗斯工人的指标进行比较。方法。职业信息收集了俄罗斯 SFS 员工和响应人员的创伤和死亡情况。每年考核特种军衔消防员（军官、准尉、军士、普通士兵）人数为（108.8±6.2）千人，不少于俄罗斯特种消防队人员的80%。 《国际疾病和健康问题统计分类》第十版（ICD-10）第十九章中俄罗斯劳动年龄男性的职业伤害水平、职业伤害死亡人数和死亡率来自联邦统计局官方网站。数据库 «FDB «Fires» 用于了解俄罗斯不同时期火灾的分布情况。采用二阶多项式趋势的时间序列分析方法对消防员健康障碍指标和火灾分布的动态进行评估。结果与讨论。俄罗斯SFS工作人员20年（1996-2015）职业创伤年均水平为（3.795±0.390）‰，1999-2015年响应人员为（5.295） ±0.644)‰。这段时间俄罗斯工人的职业创伤水平分别为（3.410±0.351）和（3.000±0.318）‰，显着低于响应人员（p < 0.05）。俄罗斯特种部队的受伤人数和战斗表现（r = 0.51；p < 0.05）、受伤人数和事故率与消防任务的复杂性和个人呼吸防护装置的使用次数之间存在显着的正相关关系（分别为r = 0.53和r = 0.46，p < 0.05）。由于战斗表现的性质和其他专业因素，俄罗斯特种部队响应人员的创伤风险具有周期性，取决于一天中的几个小时、一周中的几天和一年中的几个月。这种现象需要进一步的研究。 1996-2015年SFS工作人员工伤死亡率为（0.125±0.011）‰，应急响应人员为（0.149±0.014）‰。与响应人员相比，俄罗斯工人的死亡率在统计学上显着降低（0.116 ± 0.007）‰（p < 0.05）。 SFS工作人员和俄罗斯工人的职业创伤和职业伤害死亡人数均有所下降。结论。总体而言，俄罗斯SFS员工和响应人员的职业创伤和职业伤害死亡水平与俄罗斯工人的水平相当。它一方面表明了预防消防员职业伤害和死亡的有效组织和技术措施，另一方面表明俄罗斯工人的职业创伤程度很高。
Relevance.Profession of firefighters is considered to refer to extreme activities, which have high risks of health disorders, injuries and even death.Intention– to analyze occupational traumatism and deaths from injuries in Russian State Fire Service (SFS) (1996–2004) and the Federal Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia (2005–2015) employees for 20 years and to compare these data with the indicators of Russian workers.Methods.Information on occupational traumas and deaths of employees and response personnel of Russian SFS was gathered. The annual number of examined firefighters of special military ranks (officer, warrant officer, sergeant, common soldier) was (108.8 ± 6.2) thousand people, which was not less than 80 % of personnel of Russian SFS. The levels of occupational injuries, deaths from occupational injuries of Russian workers, mortality in the XIX Chapter of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems, 10th edition (ICD-10) of men of working age in Russia were received from the official website of the Federal Agency for Statistics. Database «FDB «Fires» was used for the distribution of fires in Russia over time periods. The dynamics of indicators of health disorders of firefighters and of fire distribution was evaluated by the method of time series analysis, which used a polynomial trend of the 2nd order.Results and Discussion.The average annual level of occupational traumatism in 20 years (1996–2015) in Russian SFS staff amounted to (3.795 ± 0.390)‰, in response staff for 1999–2015 – (5.295 ± 0.644)‰. The level of occupational traumatism among Russian workers during these periods was (3.410 ± 0.351) and (3.000 ± 0.318)‰ respectively, which is significantly less than that of the response personnel (p < 0.05). A positive statistically significant relationship between the number of injuries and combat performances (r = 0.51; p < 0.05), the number of injuries and accident rate in the staff of Russian SFS with the complexity of fire-fighting tasks and number of use of personal respiratory protection (r = 0.53 and r = 0.46, respectively, p < 0.05). The cyclical nature of risks of traumatism in response staff of Russian SFS, depending on hours of the day, days of the week and months of the year, due to the nature of combat performance and other professional factors was found. This phenomenon requires additional research. The mortality rate of SFS staff from occupational injuries in 1996–2015 was (0.125 ± 0.011)‰, response personnel – (0.149 ± 0.014)‰. The mortality rate of Russian workers was statistically significantly less (0.116 ± 0.007)‰ compared to the response personnel (p < 0.05). There are decreases in occupational traumatism and deaths from occupational injuries in SFS staff and Russian workers.Conclusion.In general, level of occupational traumatism and mortality from occupational injuries in employees and response personnel of the Russian SFS can be comparable with level revealed among the Russian workers. It indicates, on the one hand, the effective organizational and technological measures for the prevention of occupational injuries and the death of firefighters, and, on the other hand, high level of occupational traumatism of the Russian workers.